Tephrite

Turbidite

Tephrite and Turbidite

Tephrite

Turbidite

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1 Definition

1.1 Definition

Tephrite is an aphanitic to porphyritic textured, volcanic igneous rock

A sedimentary rock, deposit of a submarine turbidity currents and are composed of layered particles

1.2 History

1.2.1 Origin

Germany

European Foreland Basins

1.2.2 Discoverer

Van Tooren

Arnold H. Bouma

1.3 Etymology

From Greek tephra, ashes from Indo-European base, to burn

From Medieval Latin turbiditas, from Latin turbidus (turbid). Turbidity current is from 1939

1.4 Class

Igneous Rocks

Sedimentary Rocks

1.4.1 Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Hard Rock

Durable Rock, Soft Rock

1.5 Family

1.5.1 Group

Volcanic

Not Applicable

1.6 Other Categories

Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

2 Texture

2.1 Texture

Aphanitic to Porphyritic

Mud-rich, Sandy

2.2 Color

Black, Brown, Colourless, Green, Grey, White

Black, Brown, Colourless, Green, Grey, Pink

2.3 Maintenance

Less

2.4 Durability

Durable

2.4.1 Water Resistant

✔ ✘

2.4.2 Scratch Resistant

✔ ✘

2.4.3 Stain Resistant

✔ ✘

2.4.4 Wind Resistant

✔ ✘

2.4.5 Acid Resistant

✔ ✘

2.5 Appearance

Vesicular

Dull and Banded

3 Uses

3.1 Architecture

3.1.1 Interior Uses

Decorative Aggregates, Flooring, Homes, Interior Decoration

Bathrooms, Countertops, Decorative Aggregates, Flooring, Homes, Interior Decoration

3.1.2 Exterior Uses

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Paving Stone, Garden Decoration

3.1.3 Other Architectural Uses

Curbing

3.2 Industry

3.2.1 Construction Industry

Landscaping

As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement

3.2.2 Medical Industry

Not Yet Used

3.3 Antiquity Uses

Artifacts, Sculpture

Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture

3.4 Other Uses

3.4.1 Commercial Uses

Production of Lime, Soil Conditioner

Cemetery Markers, Creating Artwork

4 Types

4.1 Types

Not Available

4.2 Features

Host Rock for Lead

High silica content, Host Rock for Lead

4.3 Archaeological Significance

4.3.1 Monuments

Not Yet Used

Used

4.3.2 Famous Monuments

Not Applicable

Data Not Available

4.3.3 Sculpture

Used

4.3.4 Famous Sculptures

Data Not Available

4.3.5 Pictographs

Not Used

Used

4.3.6 Petroglyphs

Not Used

Used

4.3.7 Figurines

Used

4.4 Fossils

Absent

Present

5 Formation

5.1 Formation

Tephrite is a fine-grained, hard rock which is a type of metasomatite, essentially altered basalt. It forms with or without crystallization, either below the surface as intrusive rocks or on the surface as extrusive rocks.

Turbidite is a type of sedimentary rock formed when a river carries or transports pieces of broken rock as it flows. These particles then settle down and are subjected to high temperature and pressures hence forming Turbidite.

5.2 Composition

5.2.1 Mineral Content

Alkali feldspar, Nepheline, Plagioclase, Pyroxene

Coesite, Quartz, Sand

5.2.2 Compound Content

CaO, Carbon Dioxide, MgO, Silicon Dioxide

CaO, Carbon Dioxide, MgO

5.3 Transformation

5.3.1 Metamorphism

✔ ✘

5.3.2 Types of Metamorphism

Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism

Not Applicable

5.3.3 Weathering

✔ ✘

5.3.4 Types of Weathering

Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering

5.3.5 Erosion

✔ ✘

5.3.6 Types of Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion

6 Properties

6.1 Physical Properties

6.1.1 Hardness

6.53

1 7

6.1.2 Grain Size

Medium to Fine Coarse Grained

Fine to Coarse Grained

6.1.3 Fracture

Uneven

Splintery

6.1.4 Streak

Bluish Black

White, Greenish White or Grey

6.1.5 Porosity

Very Less Porous

6.1.6 Luster

Subvitreous to Dull

Metallic

6.1.7 Compressive Strength

90.00 N/mm²200.00 N/mm²

0.15 450

6.1.8 Cleavage

Crenulation and Pervasive

Disjunctive

6.1.9 Toughness

2.4

6.1.10 Specific Gravity

2.862.46-2.73

0 8.4

6.1.11 Transparency

Opaque

6.1.12 Density

2.8-2.9 g/cm³1.6-2.5 g/cm³

0 1400

6.2 Thermal Properties

6.2.1 Specific Heat Capacity

0.92 kJ/Kg K0.92 kJ/Kg K

0.14 3.2

6.2.2 Resistance

Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant

Heat Resistant

7 Reserves

7.1 Deposits in Eastern Continents

7.1.1 Asia

Not Yet Found

7.1.2 Africa

Namibia, Uganda

Western Africa

7.1.3 Europe

Germany, Hungary, Italy, Portugal, Spain

Austria, Belarus, Romania, Switzerland, United Kingdom

7.1.4 Others

Not Yet Found

7.2 Deposits in Western Continents

7.2.1 North America

USA

Canada, USA

7.2.2 South America

Not Yet Found

Brazil, Colombia

7.3 Deposits in Oceania Continent

7.3.1 Australia

New Zealand, Western Australia

All about Tephrite and Turbidite Properties

Know all about Tephrite and Turbidite properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Tephrite belongs to Igneous Rocks while Turbidite belongs to Sedimentary Rocks.Texture of Tephrite is Aphanitic to Porphyritic whereas that of Turbidite is Mud-rich, Sandy. Tephrite appears Vesicular and Turbidite appears Dull and Banded. The luster of Tephrite is subvitreous to dull while that of Turbidite is metallic. Tephrite is available in black, brown, colourless, green, grey, white colors whereas Turbidite is available in black, brown, colourless, green, grey, pink colors. The commercial uses of Tephrite are production of lime, soil conditioner and that of Turbidite are cemetery markers, creating artwork.