Skarn

Charnockite

Skarn and Charnockite

Skarn

Charnockite

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1 Definition

1.1 Definition

Skarns are formed during regional or contact metamorphism and from a variety of metasomatic processes involving fluids of magmatic, metamorphic, and/or marine origin

Charnockite is a variety of granite containing minerals like orthopyroxene, quartz, and feldspar

1.2 History

1.2.1 Origin

USA, Australia

Tamil Nadu, India

1.2.2 Discoverer

Tornebohm

T. H. Holland

1.3 Etymology

From an old Swedish mining term originally used to describe a type of silicate gangue or waste rock.

From Job Charnock, an administtrator of East India Company

1.4 Class

Metamorphic Rocks

Igneous Rocks

1.4.1 Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Hard Rock

1.5 Family

1.5.1 Group

Not Applicable

Plutonic

1.6 Other Categories

Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Coarse Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

2 Texture

2.1 Texture

Earthy, Mud-rich, Rough

Granular

2.2 Color

Black, Brown, Colourless, Green, Grey, White

Black, Grey, Orange, Pink, White

2.3 Maintenance

Less

2.4 Durability

Durable

2.4.1 Water Resistant

✔ ✘

2.4.2 Scratch Resistant

✔ ✘

2.4.3 Stain Resistant

✔ ✘

2.4.4 Wind Resistant

✔ ✘

2.4.5 Acid Resistant

✔ ✘

2.5 Appearance

Dull

Veined or Pebbled

3 Uses

3.1 Architecture

3.1.1 Interior Uses

Decorative Aggregates, Entryways, Interior Decoration

Bathrooms, Countertops, Decorative Aggregates, Entryways, Floor Tiles, Homes, Hotels, Kitchens, Stair Treads

3.1.2 Exterior Uses

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Paving Stone

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Bridges, Paving Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings, Resorts

3.1.3 Other Architectural Uses

Curbing

3.2 Industry

3.2.1 Construction Industry

As a Flux in the Production of Steel and Pig Iron, As a Sintering Agent in Steel Industry to process Iron Ore, As Dimension Stone, Gold and Silver production, Manufacture of Magnesium and Dolomite Refractories

As Dimension Stone

3.2.2 Medical Industry

Not Applicable

Not Yet Used

3.3 Antiquity Uses

Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture

Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines

3.4 Other Uses

3.4.1 Commercial Uses

Creating Artwork, Gemstone, Jewelry, Metallurgical Flux, Source of Magnesia (MgO)

Curling, Gemstone, Laboratory bench tops, Tombstones

4 Types

4.1 Types

Endoskarns

Enderbite

4.2 Features

Host Rock for Lead, Zinc and Copper Deposits

Available in Lots of Colors and Patterns, It is One of the Oldest, Strongest and Hardest Rock

4.3 Archaeological Significance

4.3.1 Monuments

Used

4.3.2 Famous Monuments

Data Not Available

4.3.3 Sculpture

Used

4.3.4 Famous Sculptures

Data Not Available

4.3.5 Pictographs

Not Used

4.3.6 Petroglyphs

Not Used

4.3.7 Figurines

Used

4.4 Fossils

Absent

5 Formation

5.1 Formation

Due to change in environmental conditions, rocks are heated and pressurized deep inside the Earth's surface. Skarn is formed from the extreme heat caused by magma or by the intense collisions and friction of tectonic plates.

Charnockite is an intrusive igneous rock which is very hard and is formed due to weathering of existing rocks.

5.2 Composition

5.2.1 Mineral Content

Calcite, Enstatite, Epidote, Garnet, Magnetite, Pyroxene, Titanite

Amphibole, Biotite, Feldspar, Hornblade, Micas, Muscovite or Illite, Olivine, Plagioclase, Pyroxene, Quartz

5.2.2 Compound Content

Au, CaO, Carbon Dioxide, Cu, Fe, MgO

Aluminium Oxide, CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, FeO, Potassium Oxide, MgO, MnO, Sodium Oxide, Phosphorus Pentoxide, Silicon Dioxide, Titanium Dioxide

5.3 Transformation

5.3.1 Metamorphism

✔ ✘

5.3.2 Types of Metamorphism

Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Hydrothermal Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism

Burial Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism

5.3.3 Weathering

✔ ✘

5.3.4 Types of Weathering

Not Applicable

Biological Weathering

5.3.5 Erosion

✔ ✘

5.3.6 Types of Erosion

Not Applicable

Chemical Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion

6 Properties

6.1 Physical Properties

6.1.1 Hardness

6.56-7

1 7

6.1.2 Grain Size

Fine Grained

Coarse Grained

6.1.3 Fracture

Irregular

Not Available

6.1.4 Streak

Light to dark brown

White

6.1.5 Porosity

Less Porous

Very Less Porous

6.1.6 Luster

Waxy and Dull

Not Available

6.1.7 Compressive Strength

NANA

0.15 450

6.1.8 Cleavage

Slaty

Not Available

6.1.9 Toughness

2.4

Not Available

6.1.10 Specific Gravity

2.86Not Available

0 8.4

1.3.2 Transparency

Opaque

1.3.3 Density

2.8-2.9 g/cm³2.6 g/cm³

0 1400

1.4 Thermal Properties

1.4.1 Specific Heat Capacity

0.92 kJ/Kg KNA

0.14 3.2

1.4.2 Resistance

Heat Resistant

Heat Resistant, Wear Resistant

2 Reserves

2.1 Deposits in Eastern Continents

2.1.1 Asia

China, India, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Korea, Sri Lanka

India

2.1.2 Africa

South Africa, Western Africa

East Africa, Ethiopia, Madagascar, Morocco, Mozambique

2.1.3 Europe

United Kingdom

Albania, Romania, Scotland, United Kingdom

2.1.4 Others

Not Yet Found

2.2 Deposits in Western Continents

2.2.1 North America

Canada

USA

2.2.2 South America

Brazil, Colombia, Paraguay

Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela

2.3 Deposits in Oceania Continent

2.3.1 Australia

Central Australia, Western Australia

All about Skarn and Charnockite Properties

Know all about Skarn and Charnockite properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Skarn belongs to Metamorphic Rocks while Charnockite belongs to Igneous Rocks.Texture of Skarn is Earthy, Mud-rich, Rough whereas that of Charnockite is Granular. Skarn appears Dull and Charnockite appears Veined or Pebbled. The luster of Skarn is waxy and dull while that of Charnockite is not available. Skarn is available in black, brown, colourless, green, grey, white colors whereas Charnockite is available in black, grey, orange, pink, white colors. The commercial uses of Skarn are creating artwork, gemstone, jewelry, metallurgical flux, source of magnesia (mgo) and that of Charnockite are curling, gemstone, laboratory bench tops, tombstones.