1 Definition
1.1 Definition
Skarns are formed during regional or contact metamorphism and from a variety of metasomatic processes involving fluids of magmatic, metamorphic, and/or marine origin
Chalk is a soft, white, powdery limestone consisting mainly of fossil shells of foraminifers
1.2 History
1.2.1 Origin
1.2.2 Discoverer
1.3 Etymology
From an old Swedish mining term originally used to describe a type of silicate gangue or waste rock.
From old English cealc chalk, lime, plaster; pebble, from Greek khalix small pebble, in English transferred to the opaque, white, soft limestone
1.4 Class
Metamorphic Rocks
Sedimentary Rocks
1.4.1 Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Hard Rock
Durable Rock, Soft Rock
1.5 Family
1.5.1 Group
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
1.3 Other Categories
Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
2 Texture
2.1 Texture
Earthy, Mud-rich, Rough
Clastic or Non-Clastic
2.2 Color
Black, Brown, Colourless, Green, Grey, White
Grey, White, Yellow
2.4 Maintenance
2.6 Durability
2.7.2 Water Resistant
2.8.1 Scratch Resistant
3.2.1 Stain Resistant
3.3.1 Wind Resistant
3.4.1 Acid Resistant
3.5 Appearance
4 Uses
4.1 Architecture
4.1.2 Interior Uses
Decorative Aggregates, Entryways, Interior Decoration
Decorative Aggregates, Homes, Interior Decoration
4.1.4 Exterior Uses
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Paving Stone
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Paving Stone, Garden Decoration
4.2.1 Other Architectural Uses
4.3 Industry
5.0.1 Construction Industry
As a Flux in the Production of Steel and Pig Iron, As a Sintering Agent in Steel Industry to process Iron Ore, As Dimension Stone, Gold and Silver production, Manufacture of Magnesium and Dolomite Refractories
As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, raw material for manufacture of quicklime and slaked lime, Source of calcium
5.1.3 Medical Industry
Not Applicable
Not Yet Used
5.2 Antiquity Uses
Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture
Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines
5.4 Other Uses
5.4.2 Commercial Uses
Creating Artwork, Gemstone, Jewelry, Metallurgical Flux, Source of Magnesia (MgO)
Alumina Refineries, Creating Artwork, Drawing on blackboards, Gymnasts, athletes and mountain climbers use for grip, In aquifers, Paper Industry, Production of Lime, Raw material for manufacture of quicklime, slaked lime, Soil Conditioner, Whiting, Whiting material in toothpaste, paint and paper
6 Types
6.1 Types
7.2 Features
Host Rock for Lead, Zinc and Copper Deposits
Clasts are smooth to touch, Is one of the oldest rock, Smooth to touch, Very fine grained rock
7.4 Archaeological Significance
7.5.2 Monuments
7.5.4 Famous Monuments
Data Not Available
Data Not Available
7.5.6 Sculpture
7.5.8 Famous Sculptures
Data Not Available
Data Not Available
7.5.10 Pictographs
7.5.12 Petroglyphs
7.5.14 Figurines
7.7 Fossils
9 Formation
9.2 Formation
Due to change in environmental conditions, rocks are heated and pressurized deep inside the Earth's surface. Skarn is formed from the extreme heat caused by magma or by the intense collisions and friction of tectonic plates.
Chalk is formed from lime mud, which accumulates on the sea floor which is then transformed into rock by geological processes.
9.3 Composition
9.4.2 Mineral Content
Calcite, Enstatite, Epidote, Garnet, Magnetite, Pyroxene, Titanite
Calcite, Clay, Clay Minerals, Quartz, Sand
9.4.4 Compound Content
Au, CaO, Carbon Dioxide, Cu, Fe, MgO
Ca, NaCl, CaO
9.5 Transformation
9.5.2 Metamorphism
9.5.5 Types of Metamorphism
Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Hydrothermal Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism
Not Applicable
10.1.2 Weathering
10.1.3 Types of Weathering
Not Applicable
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering
10.1.4 Erosion
10.1.5 Types of Erosion
Not Applicable
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Water Erosion
11 Properties
11.1 Physical Properties
11.1.1 Hardness
11.1.8 Grain Size
Fine Grained
Very fine-grained
11.1.9 Fracture
11.1.10 Streak
Light to dark brown
White
11.1.11 Porosity
Less Porous
Highly Porous
11.1.12 Luster
11.1.13 Compressive Strength
10.1.4 Cleavage
10.1.5 Toughness
10.1.6 Specific Gravity
10.1.15 Transparency
10.1.17 Density
2.8-2.9 g/cm32.49-2.50 g/cm3
0
1400
10.3 Thermal Properties
10.3.1 Specific Heat Capacity
0.92 kJ/Kg K0.90 kJ/Kg K
0.14
3.2
10.3.5 Resistance
Heat Resistant
Heat Resistant
11 Reserves
11.1 Deposits in Eastern Continents
11.1.1 Asia
China, India, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Korea, Sri Lanka
Brunei, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam
11.1.2 Africa
South Africa, Western Africa
Cameroon, Chad, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Zambia, Zimbabwe
11.1.3 Europe
United Kingdom
England, France, Germany, Spain, United Kingdom
11.1.4 Others
Not Yet Found
Not Yet Found
11.2 Deposits in Western Continents
11.2.1 North America
11.2.2 South America
Brazil, Colombia, Paraguay
Colombia
11.3 Deposits in Oceania Continent
11.3.1 Australia
Central Australia, Western Australia
Adelaide, New Zealand, Queensland, Tonga, Victoria, Yorke Peninsula