Scoria and Greywacke

Scoria

Greywacke

Greywacke and Scoria

Definition

Scoria is a dark-colored extrusive igneous rock with abundant round bubble-like cavities

Greywacke is defined as a dark coarse-grained sandstone rock which contains more than 15 per cent clay

History

Discoverer

Unknown

Etymology

From late Middle English (denoting slag from molten metal), from Greek skōria refuse, from skōr dung

From German Grauwacke, from grau grey + wacke

Class

Igneous Rocks

Sedimentary Rocks

Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock

Durable Rock, Hard Rock

Family

Group

Volcanic

Not Applicable

Other Categories

Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Texture

Vesicular

Clastic

Color

Black, Brown, Dark Grey to Black, Red

Beige, Black, Brown, Colourless, Cream, Dark Brown, Green, Grey, Light Green, Light to Dark Grey, Pink, Red, White, Yellow

Maintenance

Less

Durability

Durable

Water Resistant

Yes

Scratch Resistant

Yes

Stain Resistant

Yes

Wind Resistant

Yes

Acid Resistant

Appearance

Glassy and Vesicular

Dull

Uses

Architecture

Interior Uses

Decorative Aggregates, Interior Decoration

Decorative Aggregates, Floor Tiles, Flooring, Homes, Interior Decoration

Exterior Uses

Garden Decoration, Paving Stone

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings, Paving Stone

Other Architectural Uses

Curbing

Curbing, Whetstones

Industry

Construction Industry

Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, In landscaping and drainage works

Building houses or walls, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Raw material for the manufacture of mortar

Medical Industry

Not Yet Used

Antiquity Uses

Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture

Artifacts, Sculpture, Small Figurines

Other Uses

Commercial Uses

As a traction material on snow-covered roads, Creating Artwork, High-temperature insulation, In gas barbecue grills

As armour rock for sea walls, Petroleum reservoirs, Sea Defence, Tombstones

Types

Not Available

Features

Available in Lots of Colors and Patterns, Generally rough to touch, Surfaces are often shiny

Available in Lots of Colors and Patterns, Generally rough to touch, Non-vesicular, Veined

Archaeological Significance

Monuments

Used

Not Yet Used

Famous Monuments

Data Not Available

Not Applicable

Sculpture

Used

Famous Sculptures

Data Not Available

Pictographs

Used

Not Used

Petroglyphs

Used

Not Used

Figurines

Used

Fossils

Absent

Present

Formation

Scoria forms when magma containing huge amount of dissolved gas flows from a volcano during an eruption.

Graywacke rock is a type of sedimentary rock, which is also known as immature sandstone, which is indurated, dark grey and consisting of poorly sorted angular to sub-angular, sand-sized grains.

Composition

Mineral Content

Apatite, Biotite, Calcite, Feldspar, Hematite, Hornblade, Ilmenite, Magnetite, Olivine, Pyroxene, Quartz, Silica

Augite, Biotite, Calcite, Chlorite, Clay, Clay Minerals, Feldspar, Micas, Muscovite or Illite, Plagioclase, Pyroxene, Quartz

Compound Content

Ca, NaCl

Aluminium Oxide, NaCl, CaO, Chromium(III) Oxide, Iron(III) Oxide, FeO, Potassium Oxide, Magnesium Carbonate, MgO, MnO, Sodium Oxide, Phosphorus Pentoxide, Silicon Dioxide, Titanium Dioxide

Transformation

Metamorphism

Yes

Types of Metamorphism

Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism

Not Applicable

Weathering

Yes

Types of Weathering

Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering

Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering

Erosion

Yes

Types of Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion

Coastal Erosion, Sea Erosion, Wind Erosion

Properties

Physical Properties

Hardness

5-6

6-7

Grain Size

Fine Grained

Angular and Fine

Fracture

Conchoidal

Streak

White

Porosity

Highly Porous

Luster

Subvitreous to Dull

Dull

Cleavage

Perfect

Toughness

2.1

2.6

Specific Gravity

Not Available

2.2-2.8

Transparency

Opaque

Density

Not Available

2.6-2.61 g/cm³

Thermal Properties

Resistance

Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant

Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents

Asia

Afghanistan, Indonesia, Japan, Russia

China, India, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia, Uzbekistan

Africa

Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania

Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa

Europe

Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Turkey

Austria, Denmark, Germany, Great Britain, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom

Others

Not Yet Found

Greenland

Deposits in Western Continents

North America

Bahamas, Barbados, Canada, Costa Rica, Cuba, Jamaica, Mexico, USA

Canada, USA

South America

Argentina, Chile, Ecuador, Peru

Brazil

Deposits in Oceania Continent

Australia

New Zealand, Western Australia

New South Wales, New Zealand

Summary >>

<< Reserves

All about Scoria and Greywacke Properties

Know all about Scoria and Greywacke properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Scoria belongs to Igneous Rocks while Greywacke belongs to Sedimentary Rocks.Texture of Scoria is Vesicular whereas that of Greywacke is Clastic. Scoria appears Glassy and Vesicular and Greywacke appears Dull. The luster of Scoria is subvitreous to dull while that of Greywacke is dull. Scoria is available in black, brown, dark grey to black, red colors whereas Greywacke is available in beige, black, brown, colourless, cream, dark brown, green, grey, light green, light to dark grey, pink, red, white, yellow colors. The commercial uses of Scoria are as a traction material on snow-covered roads, creating artwork, high-temperature insulation, in gas barbecue grills and that of Greywacke are as armour rock for sea walls, petroleum reservoirs, sea defence, tombstones.