Porphyry

Flint

Porphyry and Flint

Porphyry

Flint

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1 Definition

1.1 Definition

Porphyry is a reddish-brown to purple igneous rock containing large phenocrysts of various minerals embedded in a fine-grained matrix

Flint is a hard type of sedimentary rock that produces a small piece of burning material when hit by steel

1.2 History

1.2.1 Origin

Egypt

Unknown

1.2.2 Discoverer

Unknown

1.3 Etymology

From Old French porfire, from Italian porfiro and in some cases directly from Latin porphyrites

From Old English flint - a type of rock mainly known for high hardness and for giving off sparks when struck

1.4 Class

Igneous Rocks

Sedimentary Rocks

1.4.1 Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Hard Rock

1.5 Family

1.5.1 Group

Plutonic

Not Applicable

1.6 Other Categories

Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

2 Texture

2.1 Texture

Porphyritic

Banded, Rough

2.2 Color

Black, Brown, Colourless, Green, Grey, Red, Rust, White

Black, Brown, Green, Grey, Red, White

2.3 Maintenance

Less

2.4 Durability

Durable

2.4.1 Water Resistant

✔ ✘

81% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

✔ ✘

59% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !

2.4.2 Scratch Resistant

✔ ✘

86% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

✔ ✘

62% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !

2.4.3 Stain Resistant

✔ ✘

66% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

✔ ✘

43% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !

2.4.4 Wind Resistant

✔ ✘

49% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

✔ ✘

38% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !

2.4.5 Acid Resistant

✔ ✘

48% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

✔ ✘

22% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !

1.1 Appearance

Dull

Glassy or Pearly

2 Uses

2.1 Architecture

2.1.1 Interior Uses

Decorative Aggregates, Interior Decoration

Decorative Aggregates, Homes, Interior Decoration

2.2.0 Exterior Uses

Garden Decoration, Paving Stone

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings, Paving Stone

2.2.2 Other Architectural Uses

Curbing

2.3 Industry

2.3.1 Construction Industry

Construction Aggregate

Arrowheads, Cutting Tool, Spear Points

2.3.3 Medical Industry

Not Yet Used

2.5 Antiquity Uses

Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture

Artifacts

2.6 Other Uses

2.7.1 Commercial Uses

Creating Artwork, Gemstone, Jewelry

Creating Artwork, Gemstone, In fire-starting tools, Manufacture of tools, Metallurgical Flux, Jewelry, To ignite fire, Used in flintlock firearms

3 Types

3.1 Types

Rhomb Porphyry

Not Available

3.2 Features

Generally rough to touch, Is one of the oldest rock, Surfaces are often shiny

Clasts are smooth to touch, Easily splits into thin plates, Has High structural resistance against erosion and climate

3.4 Archaeological Significance

3.4.2 Monuments

Used

Not Yet Used

3.4.3 Famous Monuments

Data Not Available

Not Applicable

3.5.1 Sculpture

Used

Not Yet Used

4.0.2 Famous Sculptures

Data Not Available

Not Applicable

4.1.1 Pictographs

Not Used

4.2.1 Petroglyphs

Not Used

4.3.1 Figurines

Used

Not Yet Used

4.4 Fossils

Absent

Present

5 Formation

5.1 Formation

Porphyry is formed in two stages: the magma cools slowly deep within the crust or the magma is cools rapidly as it erupts from a volcano, creating small grains that are usually invisible to naked eye.

Flint is formed by the decomposition and compaction of various organisms such as sponges and diatoms under the water.

5.2 Composition

5.2.1 Mineral Content

Biotite, Chert, Feldspar, Garnet, Graphite, Quartz, Silica

Silicon

5.2.2 Compound Content

Aluminium Oxide, CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, Potassium Oxide, MgO, Sodium Oxide, Silicon Dioxide, Titanium Dioxide

Silicon Dioxide

5.3 Transformation

5.3.1 Metamorphism

✔ ✘

97% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

✔ ✘

19% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !

5.3.3 Types of Metamorphism

Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Hydrothermal Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism

Not Applicable

5.3.4 Weathering

✔ ✘

99% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

✔ ✘

78% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !

5.3.6 Types of Weathering

Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Not Registered

Not Applicable

5.3.7 Erosion

✔ ✘

92% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

✔ ✘

86% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !

5.3.8 Types of Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Water Erosion

6 Properties

6.1 Physical Properties

6.1.1 Hardness

6-7

6.1.3 Grain Size

Fine Grained

Very fine-grained

6.1.4 Fracture

Irregular

Conchoidal

6.1.5 Streak

White

6.1.6 Porosity

Less Porous

Highly Porous

6.2.1 Luster

Dull

Vitreous

6.2.2 Compressive Strength

What Is Flint

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▶

▼

Not Available

Rank: N/A (Overall)▶

450.00 N/mm²

Rank: 1 (Overall)▶

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What Is Obsidian

⊕

▶

175 (What Is Grani..)

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10.1.2 Cleavage

Imperfect

Non-Existent

10.1.3 Toughness

1.7

1.5

10.1.5 Specific Gravity

2.5-4

2.5-2.8

10.1.7 Transparency

Translucent to Opaque

10.1.9 Density

2.5-2.52 g/cm³

2.7-2.71 g/cm³

10.2 Thermal Properties

10.2.1 Specific Heat Capacity

What Is Banded ..

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▶

▼

Not Available

Rank: N/A (Overall)▶

0.74 kJ/Kg K

Rank: 19 (Overall)▶

▲

What Is Granulite

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▶

1.09 (What Is Trave..)

◀ ▶ ADD ⊕

10.2.4 Resistance

Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant

Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant

11 Reserves

11.1 Deposits in Eastern Continents

11.1.1 Asia

China, Kazakhstan, South Korea, Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam

Azerbaijan, China, Russia

11.1.2 Africa

Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, South Africa

Not Yet Found

11.1.3 Europe

Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Romania, Sweden, Switzerland

Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom

11.1.4 Others

Greenland

Not Yet Found

11.2 Deposits in Western Continents

11.2.1 North America

Canada, Cuba, Jamaica, USA

USA

11.2.2 South America

Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay

Bolivia

11.3 Deposits in Oceania Continent

11.3.1 Australia

New South Wales, New Zealand, Western Australia

New Zealand, South Australia

All about Porphyry and Flint Properties

Know all about Porphyry and Flint properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Porphyry belongs to Igneous Rocks while Flint belongs to Sedimentary Rocks.Texture of Porphyry is Porphyritic whereas that of Flint is Banded, Rough. Porphyry appears Dull and Flint appears Glassy or Pearly. The luster of Porphyry is dull while that of Flint is vitreous. Porphyry and Flint are available in black, brown, colourless, green, grey, red, rust, white colors. The commercial uses of Porphyry are creating artwork, gemstone, jewelry and that of Flint are creating artwork, gemstone, in fire-starting tools, manufacture of tools, metallurgical flux, jewelry, to ignite fire, used in flintlock firearms.