Phonolite and Turbidite

Phonolite

Turbidite

Definition

Phonolite is an uncommon extrusive igneous rock volcanic rock of intermediate chemical composition between felsic and mafic

A sedimentary rock, deposit of a submarine turbidity currents and are composed of layered particles

History

Origin

Unknown

European Foreland Basins

Discoverer

Unknown

Arnold H. Bouma

Etymology

From the Greek meaning sounding stone because of the metallic sound it produces if an unfractured plate is hit

From Medieval Latin turbiditas, from Latin turbidus (turbid). Turbidity current is from 1939

Class

Igneous Rocks

Sedimentary Rocks

Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock

Durable Rock, Soft Rock

Family

Group

Not Applicable

Other Categories

Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Texture

Granular

Mud-rich, Sandy

Color

Brown, Buff, Cream, Green, Grey, Pink, White

Black, Brown, Colourless, Green, Grey, Pink

Maintenance

Less

Durability

Durable

Water Resistant

Yes

Scratch Resistant

Yes

Stain Resistant

Yes

Wind Resistant

Yes

Acid Resistant

Yes

Appearance

Banded and Foilated

Dull and Banded

Uses

Architecture

Interior Uses

Countertops, Decorative Aggregates, Flooring, Homes

Bathrooms, Countertops, Decorative Aggregates, Flooring, Homes, Interior Decoration

Exterior Uses

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings, Paving Stone

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Paving Stone, Garden Decoration

Other Architectural Uses

Curbing

Industry

Construction Industry

As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Landscaping, Making natural cement, Manufacture of Magnesium and Dolomite Refractories, Production of Glass and Ceramics

As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement

Medical Industry

Not Yet Used

Antiquity Uses

Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture

Other Uses

Commercial Uses

Cemetery Markers, Creating Artwork

Types

Kenyte

Not Available

Features

Application of acids on the surface causes cloudy frosting, Available in Lots of Colors and Patterns, Dissolves in hydrochloric acid, Is one of the oldest rock

High silica content, Host Rock for Lead

Archaeological Significance

Monuments

Used

Famous Monuments

Data Not Available

Sculpture

Used

Famous Sculptures

Data Not Available

Pictographs

Used

Petroglyphs

Used

Figurines

Used

Fossils

Absent

Present

Formation

Phonolite are formed due to alkaline igneous activities and are generally formed in thick continental crustal areas or in Cordilleran subduction zones.

Turbidite is a type of sedimentary rock formed when a river carries or transports pieces of broken rock as it flows. These particles then settle down and are subjected to high temperature and pressures hence forming Turbidite.

Composition

Mineral Content

Albite, Amphibole, Biotite, Cancrinite, Feldspar, Hornblende, Plagioclase, Pyroxene, Sodalite

Coesite, Quartz, Sand

Compound Content

Aluminium Oxide, CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, FeO, Potassium Oxide, MgO, MnO, Sodium Oxide, Phosphorus Pentoxide, Silicon Dioxide, Titanium Dioxide

CaO, Carbon Dioxide, MgO

Transformation

Metamorphism

Yes

Types of Metamorphism

Contact Metamorphism

Not Applicable

Weathering

Yes

Types of Weathering

Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering

Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering

Erosion

Yes

Types of Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion

Properties

Physical Properties

Hardness

5.5-6

Grain Size

Fine Grained

Fine to Coarse Grained

Fracture

Conchoidal to Uneven

Splintery

Streak

White

White, Greenish White or Grey

Porosity

Less Porous

Very Less Porous

Luster

Greasy to Dull

Metallic

Compressive Strength

150.00 N/mm²

200.00 N/mm²

Cleavage

Poor

Disjunctive

Toughness

Not Available

2.4

Specific Gravity

2.6

2.46-2.73

Transparency

Translucent to Opaque

Opaque

Density

2.6 g/cm³

1.6-2.5 g/cm³

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat Capacity

Not Available

0.92 kJ/Kg K

Resistance

Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Wear Resistant

Heat Resistant

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents

Asia

Indonesia, Iran, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Vietnam

Not Yet Found

Africa

Angola, Egypt, Madagascar, Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa

Western Africa

Europe

Andorra, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden

Austria, Belarus, Romania, Switzerland, United Kingdom

Others

Greenland

Not Yet Found

Deposits in Western Continents

North America

Canada, USA

South America

Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Uruguay, Venezuela

Brazil, Colombia

Deposits in Oceania Continent

Australia

New Zealand, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Western Australia

New Zealand, Western Australia

Summary >>

<< Reserves

All about Phonolite and Turbidite Properties

Know all about Phonolite and Turbidite properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Phonolite belongs to Igneous Rocks while Turbidite belongs to Sedimentary Rocks.Texture of Phonolite is Granular whereas that of Turbidite is Mud-rich, Sandy. Phonolite appears Banded and Foilated and Turbidite appears Dull and Banded. The luster of Phonolite is greasy to dull while that of Turbidite is metallic. Phonolite is available in brown, buff, cream, green, grey, pink, white colors whereas Turbidite is available in black, brown, colourless, green, grey, pink colors. The commercial uses of Phonolite and Turbidite are cemetery markers, creating artwork.