Definition
Oil Shale is a fine-grained sedimentary rock from which oil is extracted
  
Tephrite is an aphanitic to porphyritic textured, volcanic igneous rock
  
History
  
  
Origin
Unknown
  
Germany
  
Discoverer
Unknown
  
Van Tooren
  
Etymology
From Old English scealu in its base sense of thing that divides or separate
  
From Greek tephra, ashes from Indo-European base, to burn
  
Class
Sedimentary Rocks
  
Igneous Rocks
  
Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Soft Rock
  
Durable Rock, Hard Rock
  
Family
  
  
Group
Not Applicable
  
Volcanic
  
Other Categories
Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
  
Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
  
Texture
Splintery
  
Aphanitic to Porphyritic
  
Color
Black, Brown, Buff, Green, Grey, Red, Yellow
  
Black, Brown, Colourless, Green, Grey, White
  
Maintenance
Less
  
Less
  
Durability
Durable
  
Durable
  
Water Resistant
Yes
  
Yes
  
Scratch Resistant
No
  
Yes
  
Stain Resistant
Yes
  
No
  
Wind Resistant
No
  
Yes
  
Acid Resistant
No
  
No
  
Appearance
Muddy
  
Vesicular
  
Architecture
  
  
Interior Uses
Not Yet Used
  
Decorative Aggregates, Flooring, Homes, Interior Decoration
  
Exterior Uses
Not Yet Used
  
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings
  
Other Architectural Uses
Not Yet Used
  
Curbing
  
Industry
  
  
Construction Industry
Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Serves as an Oil and Gas Reservoir rock
  
Landscaping
  
Medical Industry
Not Yet Used
  
Not Yet Used
  
Antiquity Uses
Artifacts
  
Artifacts, Sculpture
  
Other Uses
  
  
Commercial Uses
An Oil and Gas Reservoir
  
Production of Lime, Soil Conditioner
  
Types
Carbonate-rich Shale, Siliceous Shale and Cannel Shale
  
Not Available
  
Features
Easily splits into thin plates, Generally rough to touch, Is one of the oldest rock, Very fine grained rock
  
Host Rock for Lead
  
Archaeological Significance
  
  
Monuments
Not Yet Used
  
Not Yet Used
  
Famous Monuments
Not Applicable
  
Not Applicable
  
Sculpture
Not Yet Used
  
Used
  
Famous Sculptures
Not Applicable
  
Data Not Available
  
Pictographs
Not Used
  
Not Used
  
Petroglyphs
Not Used
  
Not Used
  
Figurines
Not Yet Used
  
Used
  
Fossils
Present
  
Absent
  
Formation
Oil Shale forms on the beds of seas and lakes and its formation starts with the organic debris settling and accumulating at the bottom of a lake or sea which are then transformed into rock with the help of high temperature and pressure.
  
Tephrite is a fine-grained, hard rock which is a type of metasomatite, essentially altered basalt. It forms with or without crystallization, either below the surface as intrusive rocks or on the surface as extrusive rocks.
  
Composition
  
  
Mineral Content
Albite, Biotite, Calcite, Chert, Chlorite, Dolomite, Hematite, Micas, Muscovite or Illite, Pyrite, Quartz, Silica, Sulfides
  
Alkali feldspar, Nepheline, Plagioclase, Pyroxene
  
Compound Content
Ca, Fe, Mg, Silicon Dioxide, Sodium
  
CaO, Carbon Dioxide, MgO, Silicon Dioxide
  
Transformation
  
  
Metamorphism
No
  
Yes
  
Types of Metamorphism
Not Applicable
  
Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism
  
Weathering
Yes
  
Yes
  
Types of Weathering
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering
  
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering
  
Erosion
Yes
  
Yes
  
Types of Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion
  
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion
  
Physical Properties
  
  
Hardness
2-3
  
6.5
  
Grain Size
Very fine-grained
  
Medium to Fine Coarse Grained
  
Fracture
Not Available
  
Uneven
  
Streak
White
  
Bluish Black
  
Porosity
Highly Porous
  
Very Less Porous
  
Luster
Dull
  
Subvitreous to Dull
  
Compressive Strength
Not Available
  
90.00 N/mm
2
  
22
Cleavage
Slaty
  
Crenulation and Pervasive
  
Toughness
2.6
  
2.4
  
Specific Gravity
2.2-2.8
  
2.86
  
Transparency
Opaque
  
Opaque
  
Density
2.4-2.8 g/cm3
  
2.8-2.9 g/cm3
  
Thermal Properties
  
  
Specific Heat Capacity
0.39 kJ/Kg K
  
23
0.92 kJ/Kg K
  
10
Resistance
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant
  
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant
  
Deposits in Eastern Continents
  
  
Asia
Bangladesh, China, India, Israel, Jordan, Russia, Syria, Thailand, Turkey
  
Not Yet Found
  
Africa
Ethiopia, Kenya, Morocco, South Africa, Tanzania
  
Namibia, Uganda
  
Europe
Austria, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Romania, Scotland, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland
  
Germany, Hungary, Italy, Portugal, Spain
  
Others
Greenland, Not Yet Found
  
Not Yet Found
  
Deposits in Western Continents
  
  
North America
Canada, USA
  
USA
  
South America
Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela
  
Not Yet Found
  
Deposits in Oceania Continent
  
  
Australia
New South Wales, New Zealand, Queensland, Victoria, Western Australia
  
New Zealand, Western Australia