1 Definition
1.1 Definition
Marl is an unconsolidated sedimentary rock consisting of clay and lime
Lignite is a soft brownish coal which shows traces of plants and is intermediate between bituminous coal and peat
1.2 History
1.2.1 Origin
1.2.2 Discoverer
1.3 Etymology
From Old French marle, from Late Latin marglia
From French, Latin lignum wood + -ite1
1.4 Class
Sedimentary Rocks
Sedimentary Rocks
1.4.1 Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Soft Rock
Durable Rock, Soft Rock
1.5 Family
1.5.1 Group
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
1.6 Other Categories
Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
2 Texture
2.1 Texture
2.2 Color
Beige, Brown, Green, Grey, White
Black, Brown, Dark Brown, Grey, Light to Dark Grey
2.3 Maintenance
2.4 Durability
2.4.1 Water Resistant
2.4.2 Scratch Resistant
2.4.3 Stain Resistant
2.4.4 Wind Resistant
2.4.5 Acid Resistant
2.5 Appearance
Rough and Dull
Veined or Pebbled
3 Uses
3.1 Architecture
3.1.1 Interior Uses
Decorative Aggregates, Floor Tiles
Not Yet Used
3.1.2 Exterior Uses
As Building Stone, Roof Tiles
Not Yet Used
3.1.3 Other Architectural Uses
3.2 Industry
3.2.1 Construction Industry
Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, Raw material for the manufacture of mortar
for Road Aggregate, Steel Production
3.2.2 Medical Industry
Not Yet Used
Not Yet Used
3.3 Antiquity Uses
Artifacts, Jewellery, Sculpture, Small Figurines
Not Yet Used
3.4 Other Uses
3.4.1 Commercial Uses
Creating Artwork, Soil Conditioner
Electricity Generation
4 Types
4.1 Types
Clay Marl ,Blue Marl, Red Marl, High Bank Marl, Shell Layer Marl, Under Shell Layer Marl, Sand Marl, Green Marl, Grey Marl and Clayey Marl
Xyloid Lignite or Fossil Wood and Compact Lignite or Perfect Lignite
4.2 Features
Generally rough to touch, Is one of the oldest rock, Splintery, Very fine grained rock
Generally rough to touch, Helps in production of Heat and Electricity, Used as fossil fuel
4.3 Archaeological Significance
4.3.1 Monuments
Not Yet Used
Not Yet Used
4.3.2 Famous Monuments
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
4.3.3 Sculpture
4.3.4 Famous Sculptures
Data Not Available
Not Applicable
4.3.5 Pictographs
4.3.6 Petroglyphs
4.3.7 Figurines
4.4 Fossils
5 Formation
5.1 Formation
Marl forms when very fine-grained clay particles are deposited in water which settles at the bottom of water bodies and are compacted by overlying sediment; the water squeezes out and hence forming Marl rock.
Coal formation takes place due to accumulation of plant debris in a swamp environment. The Coal formation process continues, as peat turns into lignite brown or black coal at increasing heat and pressure.
5.2 Composition
5.2.1 Mineral Content
Calcite, Clay, Dolomite, Gypsum, Micas, Pyrite, Quartz
Not Available
5.2.2 Compound Content
Aluminium Oxide, NaCl, CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, Silicon Dioxide
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulphur
5.3 Transformation
5.3.1 Metamorphism
5.3.2 Types of Metamorphism
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
5.3.3 Weathering
5.3.4 Types of Weathering
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering
5.3.5 Erosion
5.3.6 Types of Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion
6 Properties
6.1 Physical Properties
6.1.1 Hardness
1.3.4 Grain Size
Very fine-grained
Medium to Fine Coarse Grained
2.0.1 Fracture
2.3.1 Streak
2.4.3 Porosity
Highly Porous
Highly Porous
2.5.3 Luster
Dull
Dull to Vitreous to Submetallic
2.6.1 Compressive Strength
9.1.3 Cleavage
Not Available
Non-Existent
9.1.5 Toughness
9.1.7 Specific Gravity
9.1.17 Transparency
9.1.18 Density
2.4-2.8 g/cm3800-801 g/cm3
0
1400
9.2 Thermal Properties
9.2.1 Specific Heat Capacity
9.2.10 Resistance
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant
Heat Resistant
10 Reserves
10.1 Deposits in Eastern Continents
10.1.1 Asia
India, Pakistan, Russia
Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Pakistan, Turkey, Vietnam
10.1.2 Africa
Ethiopia, Kenya, Morocco, South Africa
Botswana, Kenya, Morocco, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania
10.1.3 Europe
Austria, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Romania, Scotland, Spain, Switzerland
Belgium, Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Kosovo, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, The Czech Republic, Ukraine, United Kingdom
10.1.4 Others
Not Yet Found
Not Yet Found
10.2 Deposits in Western Continents
10.2.1 North America
10.2.2 South America
Colombia, Ecuador, Peru
Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela
10.3 Deposits in Oceania Continent
10.3.1 Australia
New South Wales, Victoria, Western Australia
New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria