Marl

Kimberlite

Marl and Kimberlite

Marl

Kimberlite

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Definition

Marl is an unconsolidated sedimentary rock consisting of clay and lime

Kimberlite is a rare, blue-tinged, coarse-grained intrusive igneous rock, which sometimes contains diamonds and is mostly found in South Africa and Siberia.

History

Origin

Kimberley, South Africa

Discoverer

William Smith

John W. Judd

Etymology

From Old French marle, from Late Latin marglia

From Kimberley +‎ -ite, from the name of the South African town of Kimberley where the rock was first found.

Class

Sedimentary Rocks

Igneous Rocks

Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Soft Rock

Durable Rock, Hard Rock

Family

Group

Volcanic

Other Categories

Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Texture

Earthy

Porphyritic

Color

Beige, Brown, Green, Grey, White

Black, Bluish - Grey, Brown, Dark Greenish - Grey, Green, Grey

Maintenance

Less

Durability

Durable

Water Resistant

✔ ✘

Scratch Resistant

✔ ✘

Stain Resistant

✔ ✘

Wind Resistant

✔ ✘

Acid Resistant

✔ ✘

Appearance

Rough and Dull

Dull and Banded

Uses

Architecture

Interior Uses

Decorative Aggregates, Floor Tiles

Countertops, Decorative Aggregates, Homes, Interior Decoration

Exterior Uses

As Building Stone, Roof Tiles

As Building Stone, Paving Stone, Garden Decoration

Other Architectural Uses

Curbing

Industry

Construction Industry

Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, Raw material for the manufacture of mortar

As a Flux in the Production of Steel and Pig Iron, As a Sintering Agent in Steel Industry to process Iron Ore, As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, Manufacture of Magnesium and Dolomite Refractories

Medical Industry

Taken as a Supplement for Calcium or Magnesium

Antiquity Uses

Artifacts, Jewellery, Sculpture, Small Figurines

Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines

Other Uses

Commercial Uses

Creating Artwork, Soil Conditioner

An Oil and Gas Reservoir, As a Feed Additive for Livestock, Gemstone, Metallurgical Flux, Production of Lime, Soil Conditioner, Source of Magnesia (MgO)

Types

Clay Marl ,Blue Marl, Red Marl, High Bank Marl, Shell Layer Marl, Under Shell Layer Marl, Sand Marl, Green Marl, Grey Marl and Clayey Marl

Basaltic Kimberlites and Micaceous Kimberlites

Features

Generally rough to touch, Is one of the oldest rock, Splintery, Very fine grained rock

Always found as volcanic pipes over deep continental crust, Host rock for Diamond, Is one of the oldest rock, Surfaces are often shiny

Archaeological Significance

Monuments

Famous Monuments

Sculpture

Famous Sculptures

Pictographs

Petroglyphs

Figurines

Fossils

Present

Absent

Formation

Marl forms when very fine-grained clay particles are deposited in water which settles at the bottom of water bodies and are compacted by overlying sediment; the water squeezes out and hence forming Marl rock.

Kimberlite is an igneous rock and is the main source of diamonds. Its formation takes place deep beneath the Earth’s surface between 150 to 450 kilometres, and are erupted rapidly and violently.

Composition

Mineral Content

Calcite, Clay, Dolomite, Gypsum, Micas, Pyrite, Quartz

Garnet, Olivine, Phlogopite, Pyroxene

Compound Content

Aluminium Oxide, NaCl, CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, Silicon Dioxide

Aluminium Oxide, NaCl, CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, FeO, Potassium Oxide, MgO, MnO, Sodium Oxide, Silicon Dioxide, Titanium Dioxide

Transformation

Metamorphism

✔ ✘

Types of Metamorphism

Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Hydrothermal Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism

Weathering

✔ ✘

Types of Weathering

Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering

Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering

Erosion

✔ ✘

Types of Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion

Properties

Physical Properties

Hardness

2-36-7

1 7

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Grain Size

Very fine-grained

Fine to Coarse Grained

Fracture

Conchoidal

Streak

White

Porosity

Highly Porous

Very Less Porous

Luster

Dull

Subvitreous to Dull

Compressive Strength

30.00 N/mm²260.00 N/mm²

0.15 450

👆🏻

Cleavage

Conchoidal

Toughness

2.6

Specific Gravity

2.2-2.82.86-2.87

0 8.4

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Transparency

Opaque

Translucent to Opaque

Density

2.4-2.8 g/cm³2.95-2.96 g/cm³

0 1400

👆🏻

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat Capacity

0.80 kJ/Kg K0.92 kJ/Kg K

0.14 3.2

👆🏻

Resistance

Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents

Asia

India, Pakistan, Russia

Russia

Africa

Ethiopia, Kenya, Morocco, South Africa

Angola, Botswana, Cameroon, Ethiopia, South Africa

Europe

Austria, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Romania, Scotland, Spain, Switzerland

England, Hungary, Iceland, United Kingdom

Others

Antarctica

Deposits in Western Continents

North America

USA

Canada, USA

South America

Colombia, Ecuador, Peru

Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador

Deposits in Oceania Continent

Australia

New South Wales, Victoria, Western Australia

New South Wales, New Zealand, South Australia, Western Australia

All about Marl and Kimberlite Properties

Know all about Marl and Kimberlite properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Marl belongs to Sedimentary Rocks while Kimberlite belongs to Igneous Rocks.Texture of Marl is Earthy whereas that of Kimberlite is Porphyritic. Marl appears Rough and Dull and Kimberlite appears Dull and Banded. The luster of Marl is dull while that of Kimberlite is subvitreous to dull. Marl is available in beige, brown, green, grey, white colors whereas Kimberlite is available in black, bluish - grey, brown, dark greenish - grey, green, grey colors. The commercial uses of Marl are creating artwork, soil conditioner and that of Kimberlite are an oil and gas reservoir, as a feed additive for livestock, gemstone, metallurgical flux, production of lime, soil conditioner, source of magnesia (mgo).