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Marl and Ignimbrite


Ignimbrite and Marl


Definition

Definition
Marl is an unconsolidated sedimentary rock consisting of clay and lime   
Ignimbrite is a volcanic rock consisting mainly of pumice fragments, formed by the consolidation of material deposited by pyroclastic flows   

History
  
  

Origin
Unknown   
New Zealand   

Discoverer
Unknown   
Patrick Marshall   

Etymology
From Old French marle, from Late Latin marglia   
From Latin ignis fire + imber, imbr- shower of rain, storm cloud + -ite   

Class
Sedimentary Rocks   
Igneous Rocks   

Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Soft Rock   
Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock   

Family
  
  

Group
Not Applicable   
Volcanic   

Other Categories
Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock   
Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock   

Texture

Texture
Earthy   
Aphanitic   

Color
Beige, Brown, Green, Grey, White   
Beige, Black, Brown, Grey, Pink, White   

Maintenance
Less   
More   

Durability
Durable   
Durable   

Water Resistant
Yes   
Yes   

Scratch Resistant
No   
Yes   

Stain Resistant
No   
No   

Wind Resistant
No   
Yes   

Acid Resistant
No   
No   

Appearance
Rough and Dull   
Dull, Vesicular and Foilated   

Uses

Architecture
  
  

Interior Uses
Decorative Aggregates, Floor Tiles   
Decorative Aggregates, Floor Tiles, Homes, Interior Decoration   

Exterior Uses
As Building Stone, Roof Tiles   
As Building Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings, Paving Stone   

Other Architectural Uses
Curbing   
Curbing   

Industry
  
  

Construction Industry
Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, Raw material for the manufacture of mortar   
Building houses or walls, Construction Aggregate   

Medical Industry
Not Yet Used   
Not Yet Used   

Antiquity Uses
Artifacts, Jewellery, Sculpture, Small Figurines   
Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines   

Other Uses
  
  

Commercial Uses
Creating Artwork, Soil Conditioner   
Cemetery Markers, Commemorative Tablets, Creating Artwork   

Types

Types
Clay Marl ,Blue Marl, Red Marl, High Bank Marl, Shell Layer Marl, Under Shell Layer Marl, Sand Marl, Green Marl, Grey Marl and Clayey Marl   
Not Available   

Features
Generally rough to touch, Is one of the oldest rock, Splintery, Very fine grained rock   
Always found as volcanic pipes over deep continental crust   

Archaeological Significance
  
  

Monuments
Not Yet Used   
Used   

Famous Monuments
Not Applicable   
Data Not Available   

Sculpture
Used   
Used   

Famous Sculptures
Data Not Available   
Data Not Available   

Pictographs
Used   
Used   

Petroglyphs
Used   
Used   

Figurines
Used   
Used   

Fossils
Present   
Absent   

Formation

Formation
Marl forms when very fine-grained clay particles are deposited in water which settles at the bottom of water bodies and are compacted by overlying sediment; the water squeezes out and hence forming Marl rock.   
Ignimbrites are formed from very poorly sorted mixture of volcanic ash or tuff and pumice lapilli, commonly with scattered lithic fragments.   

Composition
  
  

Mineral Content
Calcite, Clay, Dolomite, Gypsum, Micas, Pyrite, Quartz   
Apatite, Biotite, Calcite, Chlorite, Feldspar, Hematite, Hornblade, Ilmenite, Magnetite, Olivine, Pyroxene, Quartz   

Compound Content
Aluminium Oxide, NaCl, CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, Silicon Dioxide   
Ca, NaCl   

Transformation
  
  

Metamorphism
No   
Yes   

Types of Metamorphism
Not Applicable   
Burial Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Hydrothermal Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism   

Weathering
Yes   
Yes   

Types of Weathering
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering   
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering   

Erosion
Yes   
Yes   

Types of Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion   
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion   

Properties

Physical Properties
  
  

Hardness
2-3   
4-6   

Grain Size
Very fine-grained   
Fine Grained   

Fracture
Conchoidal   
Uneven   

Streak
White   
White   

Porosity
Highly Porous   
Highly Porous   

Luster
Dull   
Vitreous to Dull   

Compressive Strength
Not Available   
243.80 N/mm2   
5

Cleavage
Not Available   
Not Available   

Toughness
2.6   
Not Available   

Specific Gravity
2.2-2.8   
2.73   

Transparency
Opaque   
Opaque   

Density
2.4-2.8 g/cm3   
1-1.8 g/cm3   

Thermal Properties
  
  

Specific Heat Capacity
Not Available   
0.20 kJ/Kg K   
25

Resistance
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant   
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant   

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents
  
  

Asia
India, Pakistan, Russia   
Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nepal, North Korea, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam, Yemen   

Africa
Ethiopia, Kenya, Morocco, South Africa   
Cameroon, Cape Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, Madagascar, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda   

Europe
Austria, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Romania, Scotland, Spain, Switzerland   
France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, United Kingdom   

Others
Not Yet Found   
Antarctica, Hawaii Islands   

Deposits in Western Continents
  
  

North America
USA   
Canada, Costa Rica, Panama, USA   

South America
Colombia, Ecuador, Peru   
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador   

Deposits in Oceania Continent
  
  

Australia
New South Wales, Victoria, Western Australia   
Central Australia, Western Australia   

Summary >>
<< Reserves

All about Marl and Ignimbrite Properties

Know all about Marl and Ignimbrite properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Marl belongs to Sedimentary Rocks while Ignimbrite belongs to Igneous Rocks.Texture of Marl is Earthy whereas that of Ignimbrite is Aphanitic. Marl appears Rough and Dull and Ignimbrite appears Dull, Vesicular and Foilated. The luster of Marl is dull while that of Ignimbrite is vitreous to dull. Marl is available in beige, brown, green, grey, white colors whereas Ignimbrite is available in beige, black, brown, grey, pink, white colors. The commercial uses of Marl are creating artwork, soil conditioner and that of Ignimbrite are cemetery markers, commemorative tablets, creating artwork.

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