Marl

Gossan

Marl and Gossan

Marl

Gossan

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Definition

Marl is an unconsolidated sedimentary rock consisting of clay and lime

Gossan is intensely oxidized, weathered or decomposed rock, usually the upper and exposed part of an ore deposit or mineral vein.

History

Origin

Indonesia

Discoverer

William Smith

Cornish Gossen

Etymology

From Old French marle, from Late Latin marglia

From Cornish gossen from gos, blood from Old Cornish guit

Class

Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphic Rocks

Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Soft Rock

Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock

Family

Group

Other Categories

Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Texture

Earthy

Rough, Sandy

Color

Beige, Brown, Green, Grey, White

Brown, Brown- Black, Gold, Green, Rust

Maintenance

Less

Durability

Durable

Water Resistant

✔ ✘

Scratch Resistant

✔ ✘

Stain Resistant

✔ ✘

Wind Resistant

✔ ✘

Acid Resistant

✔ ✘

Appearance

Rough and Dull

Dull and Banded

Uses

Architecture

Interior Uses

Decorative Aggregates, Floor Tiles

Countertops, Decorative Aggregates, Interior Decoration

Exterior Uses

As Building Stone, Roof Tiles

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Paving Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings

Other Architectural Uses

Curbing

Industry

Construction Industry

Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, Raw material for the manufacture of mortar

As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate

Medical Industry

Antiquity Uses

Artifacts, Jewellery, Sculpture, Small Figurines

Artifacts

Other Uses

Commercial Uses

Creating Artwork, Soil Conditioner

Cemetery Markers, Commemorative Tablets, Gemstone

Types

Clay Marl ,Blue Marl, Red Marl, High Bank Marl, Shell Layer Marl, Under Shell Layer Marl, Sand Marl, Green Marl, Grey Marl and Clayey Marl

Translocated gossan and Leakage gossan

Features

Generally rough to touch, Is one of the oldest rock, Splintery, Very fine grained rock

Clasts are smooth to touch, Easily splits into thin plates

Archaeological Significance

Monuments

Famous Monuments

Sculpture

Famous Sculptures

Pictographs

Petroglyphs

Figurines

Fossils

Present

Absent

Formation

Marl forms when very fine-grained clay particles are deposited in water which settles at the bottom of water bodies and are compacted by overlying sediment; the water squeezes out and hence forming Marl rock.

Earth movements can cause rocks to be either deeply buried or squeezed and hence the rocks are heated and put under great pressure.

Composition

Mineral Content

Calcite, Clay, Dolomite, Gypsum, Micas, Pyrite, Quartz

Apatite, Augite, Biotite, Bronzite, Calcite, Chert, Epidote, Feldspar, Hornblende, Micas, Plagioclase, Pyroxene, Quartz, Sulfides, Zircon

Compound Content

Aluminium Oxide, NaCl, CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, Silicon Dioxide

Aluminium Oxide, CaO, Fe, FeO, Silicon Dioxide, Sulphur

Transformation

Metamorphism

✔ ✘

Types of Metamorphism

Weathering

✔ ✘

Types of Weathering

Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering

Erosion

✔ ✘

Types of Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Sea Erosion, Wind Erosion

Properties

Physical Properties

Hardness

2-34-5

1 7

👆🏻

Grain Size

Very fine-grained

Fine to Medium Grained

Fracture

Conchoidal

Streak

White

White to Grey

Porosity

Highly Porous

Luster

Dull

Metallic

Compressive Strength

30.00 N/mm²-

0.15 450

👆🏻

Cleavage

Toughness

2.6

Specific Gravity

2.2-2.82.0

0 8.4

👆🏻

Transparency

Opaque

Density

2.4-2.8 g/cm³-9999 g/cm³

0 1400

👆🏻

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat Capacity

0.80 kJ/Kg K0.24 kJ/Kg K

0.14 3.2

👆🏻

Resistance

Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant

Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents

Asia

India, Pakistan, Russia

China, India, Indonesia, Russia, Singapore, South Korea

Africa

Ethiopia, Kenya, Morocco, South Africa

Cape Verde, Ethiopia, Ghana, South Africa, Western Africa

Europe

Austria, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Romania, Scotland, Spain, Switzerland

Albania, France, Germany, Great Britain, United Kingdom

Others

Deposits in Western Continents

North America

USA

Canada, USA

South America

Colombia, Ecuador, Peru

Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador

Deposits in Oceania Continent

Australia

New South Wales, Victoria, Western Australia

New South Wales, South Australia, Western Australia

All about Marl and Gossan Properties

Know all about Marl and Gossan properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Marl belongs to Sedimentary Rocks while Gossan belongs to Metamorphic Rocks.Texture of Marl is Earthy whereas that of Gossan is Rough, Sandy. Marl appears Rough and Dull and Gossan appears Dull and Banded. The luster of Marl is dull while that of Gossan is metallic. Marl is available in beige, brown, green, grey, white colors whereas Gossan is available in brown, brown- black, gold, green, rust colors. The commercial uses of Marl are creating artwork, soil conditioner and that of Gossan are cemetery markers, commemorative tablets, gemstone.