Marl

Chalk

Marl and Chalk

Marl

Chalk

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Definition

Marl is an unconsolidated sedimentary rock consisting of clay and lime

Chalk is a soft, white, powdery limestone consisting mainly of fossil shells of foraminifers

History

Origin

Discoverer

William Smith

Unknown

Etymology

From Old French marle, from Late Latin marglia

From old English cealc chalk, lime, plaster; pebble, from Greek khalix small pebble, in English transferred to the opaque, white, soft limestone

Class

Sedimentary Rocks

Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Soft Rock

Family

Group

Other Categories

Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Texture

Earthy

Clastic or Non-Clastic

Color

Beige, Brown, Green, Grey, White

Grey, White, Yellow

Maintenance

Less

Durability

Durable

Water Resistant

✔ ✘

Scratch Resistant

✔ ✘

Stain Resistant

✔ ✘

Wind Resistant

✔ ✘

Acid Resistant

✔ ✘

Appearance

Rough and Dull

Soft

Uses

Architecture

Interior Uses

Decorative Aggregates, Floor Tiles

Decorative Aggregates, Homes, Interior Decoration

Exterior Uses

As Building Stone, Roof Tiles

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Paving Stone, Garden Decoration

Other Architectural Uses

Curbing

Powder

Industry

Construction Industry

Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, Raw material for the manufacture of mortar

As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, raw material for manufacture of quicklime and slaked lime, Source of calcium

Medical Industry

Antiquity Uses

Artifacts, Jewellery, Sculpture, Small Figurines

Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines

Other Uses

Commercial Uses

Creating Artwork, Soil Conditioner

Alumina Refineries, Creating Artwork, Drawing on blackboards, Gymnasts, athletes and mountain climbers use for grip, In aquifers, Paper Industry, Production of Lime, Raw material for manufacture of quicklime, slaked lime, Soil Conditioner, Whiting, Whiting material in toothpaste, paint and paper

Types

Clay Marl ,Blue Marl, Red Marl, High Bank Marl, Shell Layer Marl, Under Shell Layer Marl, Sand Marl, Green Marl, Grey Marl and Clayey Marl

Chalk Marl and Marl

Features

Generally rough to touch, Is one of the oldest rock, Splintery, Very fine grained rock

Clasts are smooth to touch, Is one of the oldest rock, Smooth to touch, Very fine grained rock

Archaeological Significance

Monuments

Famous Monuments

Sculpture

Famous Sculptures

Pictographs

Petroglyphs

Figurines

Fossils

Present

Formation

Marl forms when very fine-grained clay particles are deposited in water which settles at the bottom of water bodies and are compacted by overlying sediment; the water squeezes out and hence forming Marl rock.

Chalk is formed from lime mud, which accumulates on the sea floor which is then transformed into rock by geological processes.

Composition

Mineral Content

Calcite, Clay, Dolomite, Gypsum, Micas, Pyrite, Quartz

Calcite, Clay, Clay Minerals, Quartz, Sand

Compound Content

Aluminium Oxide, NaCl, CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, Silicon Dioxide

Ca, NaCl, CaO

Transformation

Metamorphism

✔ ✘

Types of Metamorphism

Weathering

✔ ✘

Types of Weathering

Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering

Erosion

✔ ✘

Types of Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Water Erosion

Properties

Physical Properties

Hardness

2-31

1 7

👆🏻

Grain Size

Very fine-grained

Fracture

Conchoidal

Streak

White

Porosity

Highly Porous

Luster

Dull

Compressive Strength

30.00 N/mm²5.00 N/mm²

0.15 450

👆🏻

Cleavage

Toughness

2.6

Specific Gravity

2.2-2.82.3-2.4

0 8.4

👆🏻

Transparency

Opaque

Density

2.4-2.8 g/cm³2.49-2.50 g/cm³

0 1400

👆🏻

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat Capacity

0.80 kJ/Kg K0.90 kJ/Kg K

0.14 3.2

👆🏻

Resistance

Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant

Heat Resistant

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents

Asia

India, Pakistan, Russia

Brunei, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam

Africa

Ethiopia, Kenya, Morocco, South Africa

Cameroon, Chad, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Zambia, Zimbabwe

Europe

Austria, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Romania, Scotland, Spain, Switzerland

England, France, Germany, Spain, United Kingdom

Others

Deposits in Western Continents

North America

USA

Canada, USA

South America

Colombia, Ecuador, Peru

Colombia

Deposits in Oceania Continent

Australia

New South Wales, Victoria, Western Australia

Adelaide, New Zealand, Queensland, Victoria, Yorke Peninsula

All about Marl and Chalk Properties

Know all about Marl and Chalk properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Marl and Chalk belong to Sedimentary Rocks.Texture of Marl is Earthy whereas that of Chalk is Clastic or Non-Clastic. Marl appears Rough and Dull and Chalk appears Soft. The luster of Marl and Chalk is dull. Marl is available in beige, brown, green, grey, white colors whereas Chalk is available in grey, white, yellow colors. The commercial uses of Marl are creating artwork, soil conditioner and that of Chalk are alumina refineries, creating artwork, drawing on blackboards, gymnasts, athletes and mountain climbers use for grip, in aquifers, paper industry, production of lime, raw material for manufacture of quicklime, slaked lime, soil conditioner, whiting, whiting material in toothpaste, paint and paper.