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Marl and Banded iron formation


Banded iron formation and Marl


Definition

Definition
Marl is an unconsolidated sedimentary rock consisting of clay and lime   
Banded iron formation are distinctive units of sedimentary rock that are almost always of Precambrian age   

History
  
  

Origin
Unknown   
Western Australia, Minnesota   

Discoverer
Unknown   
Unknown   

Etymology
From Old French marle, from Late Latin marglia   
From its formation process   

Class
Sedimentary Rocks   
Sedimentary Rocks   

Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Soft Rock   
Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock   

Family
  
  

Group
Not Applicable   
Not Applicable   

Other Categories
Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock   
Coarse Grained Rock, Opaque Rock   

Texture

Texture
Earthy   
Banded, Trellis   

Color
Beige, Brown, Green, Grey, White   
Red, Reddish Brown   

Maintenance
Less   
Less   

Durability
Durable   
Durable   

Water Resistant
Yes   
No   

Scratch Resistant
No   
Yes   

Stain Resistant
No   
Yes   

Wind Resistant
No   
No   

Acid Resistant
No   
No   

Appearance
Rough and Dull   
Layered, Banded, Veined and Shiny   

Uses

Architecture
  
  

Interior Uses
Decorative Aggregates, Floor Tiles   
Decorative Aggregates, Homes   

Exterior Uses
As Building Stone, Roof Tiles   
Paving Stone, Office Buildings   

Other Architectural Uses
Curbing   
Curbing, Whetstones   

Industry
  
  

Construction Industry
Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, Raw material for the manufacture of mortar   
As Dimension Stone, Used for flooring, stair treads, borders and window sills.   

Medical Industry
Not Yet Used   
Not Yet Used   

Antiquity Uses
Artifacts, Jewellery, Sculpture, Small Figurines   
Artifacts   

Other Uses
  
  

Commercial Uses
Creating Artwork, Soil Conditioner   
As a touchstone, Cemetery Markers, Creating Artwork   

Types

Types
Clay Marl ,Blue Marl, Red Marl, High Bank Marl, Shell Layer Marl, Under Shell Layer Marl, Sand Marl, Green Marl, Grey Marl and Clayey Marl   
Algoma-type , Lake Superior-type, Superior-type and Taconite   

Features
Generally rough to touch, Is one of the oldest rock, Splintery, Very fine grained rock   
Is one of the oldest rock   

Archaeological Significance
  
  

Monuments
Not Yet Used   
Not Yet Used   

Famous Monuments
Not Applicable   
Not Applicable   

Sculpture
Used   
Not Yet Used   

Famous Sculptures
Data Not Available   
Not Applicable   

Pictographs
Used   
Not Used   

Petroglyphs
Used   
Not Used   

Figurines
Used   
Not Yet Used   

Fossils
Present   
Present   

Formation

Formation
Marl forms when very fine-grained clay particles are deposited in water which settles at the bottom of water bodies and are compacted by overlying sediment; the water squeezes out and hence forming Marl rock.   
The banded iron layers are formed in sea water when oxygen is released by photosynthetic cyano-bacteria. The oxygen then combines with dissolved iron in ocean to form insoluble iron oxides, which precipitated out, forming a thin layer of banded iron formation on ocean floor.   

Composition
  
  

Mineral Content
Calcite, Clay, Dolomite, Gypsum, Micas, Pyrite, Quartz   
Hematite, Magnetite, Quartz   

Compound Content
Aluminium Oxide, NaCl, CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, Silicon Dioxide   
Fe, Iron(III) Oxide, Silicon Dioxide   

Transformation
  
  

Metamorphism
No   
No   

Types of Metamorphism
Not Applicable   
Not Applicable   

Weathering
Yes   
Yes   

Types of Weathering
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering   
Chemical Weathering   

Erosion
Yes   
Yes   

Types of Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion   
Coastal Erosion, Wind Erosion   

Properties

Physical Properties
  
  

Hardness
2-3   
5.5-6   

Grain Size
Very fine-grained   
Large and Coarse Grained   

Fracture
Conchoidal   
Uneven, Splintery or Conchoidal   

Streak
White   
White   

Porosity
Highly Porous   
Highly Porous   

Luster
Dull   
Earthy   

Cleavage
Not Available   
Imperfect   

Toughness
2.6   
1.5   

Specific Gravity
2.2-2.8   
5.0-5.3   

Transparency
Opaque   
Translucent to Opaque   

Density
2.4-2.8 g/cm3   
Not Available   

Thermal Properties
  
  

Specific Heat Capacity
Not Available   
3.20 kJ/Kg K   
1

Resistance
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant   
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant   

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents
  
  

Asia
India, Pakistan, Russia   
China, India, Iran, Iraq, Oman, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam   

Africa
Ethiopia, Kenya, Morocco, South Africa   
Kenya, Morocco, South Africa, Tanzania   

Europe
Austria, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Romania, Scotland, Spain, Switzerland   
Austria, France, Greece, Italy, Malta, Poland, Portugal, Serbia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom   

Others
Not Yet Found   
Greenland, Mid-Atlantic Ridge   

Deposits in Western Continents
  
  

North America
USA   
Canada, Mexico, USA   

South America
Colombia, Ecuador, Peru   
Bolivia, Brazil   

Deposits in Oceania Continent
  
  

Australia
New South Wales, Victoria, Western Australia   
New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia   

Summary >>
<< Reserves

All about Marl and Banded iron formation Properties

Know all about Marl and Banded iron formation properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Marl and Banded iron formation belong to Sedimentary Rocks.Texture of Marl is Earthy whereas that of Banded iron formation is Banded, Trellis. Marl appears Rough and Dull and Banded iron formation appears Layered, Banded, Veined and Shiny. The luster of Marl is dull while that of Banded iron formation is earthy. Marl is available in beige, brown, green, grey, white colors whereas Banded iron formation is available in red, reddish brown colors. The commercial uses of Marl are creating artwork, soil conditioner and that of Banded iron formation are as a touchstone, cemetery markers, creating artwork.

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