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Lignite and Migmatite


Migmatite and Lignite


Definition

Definition
Lignite is a soft brownish coal which shows traces of plants and is intermediate between bituminous coal and peat  
Migmatite is typically a granitic rock within a metamorphic host rock which is composed of two intermingled but distinguishable components  

History
  
  

Origin
France  
Southern Alps, France  

Discoverer
Unknown  
Jakob Sederholm  

Etymology
From French, Latin lignum wood + -ite1  
From the Greek word migma which means a mixture  

Class
Sedimentary Rocks  
Metamorphic Rocks  

Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Soft Rock  
Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock  

Family
  
  

Group
-  
-  

Other Categories
Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock  
Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock  

Texture

Texture
Amorphous, Glassy  
Foliated  

Color
Black, Brown, Dark Brown, Grey, Light to Dark Grey  
Black, Bluish - Grey, Brown, Brown- Black, Dark Greenish - Grey, Dark Grey to Black  

Maintenance
Less  
More  

Durability
Durable  
Durable  

Water Resistant
No  
Yes  

Scratch Resistant
No  
Yes  

Stain Resistant
No  
No  

Wind Resistant
No  
No  

Acid Resistant
No  
No  

Appearance
Veined or Pebbled  
Dull, Banded and Foilated  

Uses

Architecture
  
  

Interior Uses
-  
Countertops, Flooring, Kitchens  

Exterior Uses
-  
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone  

Other Architectural Uses
-  
Curbing  

Industry
  
  

Construction Industry
for Road Aggregate, Steel Production  
As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement  

Medical Industry
-  
-  

Antiquity Uses
-  
Artifacts  

Other Uses
  
  

Commercial Uses
Electricity Generation  
Cemetery Markers, Jewelry, Tombstones, Used to manufracture paperweights and bookends  

Types

Types
Xyloid Lignite or Fossil Wood and Compact Lignite or Perfect Lignite  
Diatexites and Metatexites  

Features
Generally rough to touch, Helps in production of Heat and Electricity, Used as fossil fuel  
Generally rough to touch, Is one of the oldest rock  

Archaeological Significance
  
  

Monuments
-  
-  

Famous Monuments
-  
-  

Sculpture
-  
-  

Famous Sculptures
-  
-  

Pictographs
-  
-  

Petroglyphs
-  
-  

Figurines
-  
-  

Fossils
Present  
Absent  

Formation

Formation
Coal formation takes place due to accumulation of plant debris in a swamp environment. The Coal formation process continues, as peat turns into lignite brown or black coal at increasing heat and pressure.  
Migmatites form by high temperature regional and thermal metamorphism of protolith rocks where rocks melt partially due to high temperature.   

Composition
  
  

Mineral Content
-  
Biotite, Chlorite, Feldspar, Garnet, Graphite, Hornblade, Micas, Muscovite or Illite, Quartz, Quartzite, Silica, Zircon  

Compound Content
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulphur  
Aluminium Oxide, NaCl, CaO, Carbon Dioxide, Iron(III) Oxide, FeO, Potassium Oxide, Magnesium Carbonate, MgO, MnO, Phosphorus Pentoxide, Silicon Dioxide, Titanium Dioxide  

Transformation
  
  

Metamorphism
No  
Yes  

Types of Metamorphism
-  
Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism  

Weathering
Yes  
Yes  

Types of Weathering
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering  
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering  

Erosion
Yes  
Yes  

Types of Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion  
Chemical Erosion, Glacier Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion  

Properties

Physical Properties
  
  

Hardness
1  
5.5-6.5  

Grain Size
Medium to Fine Coarse Grained  
Medium to Fine Coarse Grained  

Fracture
Conchoidal  
Irregular  

Streak
Black  
White  

Porosity
Highly Porous  
Very Less Porous  

Luster
Dull to Vitreous to Submetallic  
Dull to Pearly to Subvitreous  

Compressive Strength
-  
120.00 N/mm2  
26

Cleavage
-  
-  

Toughness
-  
1.2  

Specific Gravity
1.1-1.4  
2.65-2.75  

Transparency
Opaque  
Opaque  

Density
800-801 g/cm3  
-9999 g/cm3  

Thermal Properties
  
  

Specific Heat Capacity
1.26 kJ/Kg K  
5
0.79 kJ/Kg K  
17

Resistance
Heat Resistant  
Heat Resistant, Pressure Resistant  

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents
  
  

Asia
Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Pakistan, Turkey, Vietnam  
China, India, Iran, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russia  

Africa
Botswana, Kenya, Morocco, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania  
Cameroon, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Tanzania, Togo  

Europe
Belgium, Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Kosovo, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, The Czech Republic, Ukraine, United Kingdom  
Albania, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Kosovo, Monaco, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom  

Others
-  
-  

Deposits in Western Continents
  
  

North America
Canada, Mexico, USA  
Canada, Costa Rica, Cuba, Mexico, Panama, USA  

South America
Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela  
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela  

Deposits in Oceania Continent
  
  

Australia
New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria  
New South Wales, New Zealand, Queensland, Victoria  

Summary >>
<< Reserves

All about Lignite and Migmatite Properties

Know all about Lignite and Migmatite properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Lignite belongs to Sedimentary Rocks while Migmatite belongs to Metamorphic Rocks.Texture of Lignite is Amorphous, Glassy whereas that of Migmatite is Foliated. Lignite appears Veined or Pebbled and Migmatite appears Dull, Banded and Foilated. The luster of Lignite is dull to vitreous to submetallic while that of Migmatite is dull to pearly to subvitreous. Lignite is available in black, brown, dark brown, grey, light to dark grey colors whereas Migmatite is available in black, bluish - grey, brown, brown- black, dark greenish - grey, dark grey to black colors. The commercial uses of Lignite are electricity generation and that of Migmatite are cemetery markers, jewelry, tombstones, used to manufracture paperweights and bookends.

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