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Lignite and Marl


Marl and Lignite


Definition

Definition
Lignite is a soft brownish coal which shows traces of plants and is intermediate between bituminous coal and peat   
Marl is an unconsolidated sedimentary rock consisting of clay and lime   

History
  
  

Origin
France   
Unknown   

Discoverer
Unknown   
Unknown   

Etymology
From French, Latin lignum wood + -ite1   
From Old French marle, from Late Latin marglia   

Class
Sedimentary Rocks   
Sedimentary Rocks   

Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Soft Rock   
Durable Rock, Soft Rock   

Family
  
  

Group
Not Applicable   
Not Applicable   

Other Categories
Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock   
Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock   

Texture

Texture
Amorphous, Glassy   
Earthy   

Color
Black, Brown, Dark Brown, Grey, Light to Dark Grey   
Beige, Brown, Green, Grey, White   

Maintenance
Less   
Less   

Durability
Durable   
Durable   

Water Resistant
No   
Yes   

Scratch Resistant
No   
No   

Stain Resistant
No   
No   

Wind Resistant
No   
No   

Acid Resistant
No   
No   

Appearance
Veined or Pebbled   
Rough and Dull   

Uses

Architecture
  
  

Interior Uses
Not Yet Used   
Decorative Aggregates, Floor Tiles   

Exterior Uses
Not Yet Used   
As Building Stone, Roof Tiles   

Other Architectural Uses
Not Yet Used   
Curbing   

Industry
  
  

Construction Industry
for Road Aggregate, Steel Production   
Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, Raw material for the manufacture of mortar   

Medical Industry
Not Yet Used   
Not Yet Used   

Antiquity Uses
Not Yet Used   
Artifacts, Jewellery, Sculpture, Small Figurines   

Other Uses
  
  

Commercial Uses
Electricity Generation   
Creating Artwork, Soil Conditioner   

Types

Types
Xyloid Lignite or Fossil Wood and Compact Lignite or Perfect Lignite   
Clay Marl ,Blue Marl, Red Marl, High Bank Marl, Shell Layer Marl, Under Shell Layer Marl, Sand Marl, Green Marl, Grey Marl and Clayey Marl   

Features
Generally rough to touch, Helps in production of Heat and Electricity, Used as fossil fuel   
Generally rough to touch, Is one of the oldest rock, Splintery, Very fine grained rock   

Archaeological Significance
  
  

Monuments
Not Yet Used   
Not Yet Used   

Famous Monuments
Not Applicable   
Not Applicable   

Sculpture
Not Yet Used   
Used   

Famous Sculptures
Not Applicable   
Data Not Available   

Pictographs
Used   
Used   

Petroglyphs
Used   
Used   

Figurines
Not Yet Used   
Used   

Fossils
Present   
Present   

Formation

Formation
Coal formation takes place due to accumulation of plant debris in a swamp environment. The Coal formation process continues, as peat turns into lignite brown or black coal at increasing heat and pressure.   
Marl forms when very fine-grained clay particles are deposited in water which settles at the bottom of water bodies and are compacted by overlying sediment; the water squeezes out and hence forming Marl rock.   

Composition
  
  

Mineral Content
Not Available   
Calcite, Clay, Dolomite, Gypsum, Micas, Pyrite, Quartz   

Compound Content
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulphur   
Aluminium Oxide, NaCl, CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, Silicon Dioxide   

Transformation
  
  

Metamorphism
No   
No   

Types of Metamorphism
Not Applicable   
Not Applicable   

Weathering
Yes   
Yes   

Types of Weathering
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering   
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering   

Erosion
Yes   
Yes   

Types of Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion   
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion   

Properties

Physical Properties
  
  

Hardness
1   
2-3   

Grain Size
Medium to Fine Coarse Grained   
Very fine-grained   

Fracture
Conchoidal   
Conchoidal   

Streak
Black   
White   

Porosity
Highly Porous   
Highly Porous   

Luster
Dull to Vitreous to Submetallic   
Dull   

Cleavage
Non-Existent   
Not Available   

Toughness
Not Available   
2.6   

Specific Gravity
1.1-1.4   
2.2-2.8   

Transparency
Opaque   
Opaque   

Density
800-801 g/cm3   
2.4-2.8 g/cm3   

Thermal Properties
  
  

Specific Heat Capacity
1.26 kJ/Kg K   
5
Not Available   

Resistance
Heat Resistant   
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant   

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents
  
  

Asia
Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Pakistan, Turkey, Vietnam   
India, Pakistan, Russia   

Africa
Botswana, Kenya, Morocco, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania   
Ethiopia, Kenya, Morocco, South Africa   

Europe
Belgium, Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Kosovo, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, The Czech Republic, Ukraine, United Kingdom   
Austria, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Romania, Scotland, Spain, Switzerland   

Others
Not Yet Found   
Not Yet Found   

Deposits in Western Continents
  
  

North America
Canada, Mexico, USA   
USA   

South America
Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela   
Colombia, Ecuador, Peru   

Deposits in Oceania Continent
  
  

Australia
New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria   
New South Wales, Victoria, Western Australia   

Summary >>
<< Reserves

All about Lignite and Marl Properties

Know all about Lignite and Marl properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Lignite and Marl belong to Sedimentary Rocks.Texture of Lignite is Amorphous, Glassy whereas that of Marl is Earthy. Lignite appears Veined or Pebbled and Marl appears Rough and Dull. The luster of Lignite is dull to vitreous to submetallic while that of Marl is dull. Lignite is available in black, brown, dark brown, grey, light to dark grey colors whereas Marl is available in beige, brown, green, grey, white colors. The commercial uses of Lignite are electricity generation and that of Marl are creating artwork, soil conditioner.

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