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Lignite and Ganister


Ganister and Lignite


Definition

Definition
Lignite is a soft brownish coal which shows traces of plants and is intermediate between bituminous coal and peat   
A ganister is a hard, fine-grained quartzose sandstone or orthoquartzite which is basically used in the manufacture of silica brick typically used to line furnaces and is a type of sedimentary rocks.   

History
  
  

Origin
France   
England   

Discoverer
Unknown   
Unknown   

Etymology
From French, Latin lignum wood + -ite1   
From gan′is-ter i.e a hard, close-grained siliceous stone, often forming the stratum which underlies a coal-seam   

Class
Sedimentary Rocks   
Sedimentary Rocks   

Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Soft Rock   
Durable Rock, Hard Rock   

Family
  
  

Group
Not Applicable   
Not Applicable   

Other Categories
Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock   
Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock   

Texture

Texture
Amorphous, Glassy   
Clastic, Granular, Rough   

Color
Black, Brown, Dark Brown, Grey, Light to Dark Grey   
Beige, Black, Brown, Colourless, Cream, Dark Brown, Green, Grey, Light Green, Light to Dark Grey, Pink, Red, White, Yellow   

Maintenance
Less   
Less   

Durability
Durable   
Durable   

Water Resistant
No   
Yes   

Scratch Resistant
No   
Yes   

Stain Resistant
No   
Yes   

Wind Resistant
No   
Yes   

Acid Resistant
No   
No   

Appearance
Veined or Pebbled   
Rough   

Uses

Architecture
  
  

Interior Uses
Not Yet Used   
Decorative Aggregates, Entryways, Flooring, Homes, Interior Decoration   

Exterior Uses
Not Yet Used   
As Building Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings, Paving Stone   

Other Architectural Uses
Not Yet Used   
Curbing   

Industry
  
  

Construction Industry
for Road Aggregate, Steel Production   
Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Production of Glass and Ceramics, Raw material for the manufacture of mortar   

Medical Industry
Not Yet Used   
Not Yet Used   

Antiquity Uses
Not Yet Used   
Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines   

Other Uses
  
  

Commercial Uses
Electricity Generation   
An Oil and Gas Reservoir, In aquifers, Petroleum reservoirs, Soil Conditioner, Source of Magnesia (MgO), Tombstones   

Types

Types
Xyloid Lignite or Fossil Wood and Compact Lignite or Perfect Lignite   
Not Available   

Features
Generally rough to touch, Helps in production of Heat and Electricity, Used as fossil fuel   
Available in Lots of Colors and Patterns, Generally rough to touch, Very fine grained rock   

Archaeological Significance
  
  

Monuments
Not Yet Used   
Used   

Famous Monuments
Not Applicable   
Data Not Available   

Sculpture
Not Yet Used   
Used   

Famous Sculptures
Not Applicable   
Data Not Available   

Pictographs
Used   
Not Used   

Petroglyphs
Used   
Not Used   

Figurines
Not Yet Used   
Used   

Fossils
Present   
Present   

Formation

Formation
Coal formation takes place due to accumulation of plant debris in a swamp environment. The Coal formation process continues, as peat turns into lignite brown or black coal at increasing heat and pressure.   
Ganisters are formed by the destruction of easily weathered minerals mainly feldspar, within the surface horizon of soil by soil-forming processes.   

Composition
  
  

Mineral Content
Not Available   
Calcite, Clay, Clay Minerals, Feldspar, Micas, Quartz   

Compound Content
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulphur   
Aluminium Oxide, CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, Potassium Oxide, MgO, Sodium Oxide, Silicon Dioxide   

Transformation
  
  

Metamorphism
No   
No   

Types of Metamorphism
Not Applicable   
Not Applicable   

Weathering
Yes   
Yes   

Types of Weathering
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering   
Biological Weathering   

Erosion
Yes   
Yes   

Types of Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion   
Water Erosion, Wind Erosion   

Properties

Physical Properties
  
  

Hardness
1   
6-7   

Grain Size
Medium to Fine Coarse Grained   
Coarse or Fine   

Fracture
Conchoidal   
Splintery   

Streak
Black   
White   

Porosity
Highly Porous   
Highly Porous   

Luster
Dull to Vitreous to Submetallic   
Dull   

Compressive Strength
Not Available   
95.00 N/mm2   
20

Cleavage
Non-Existent   
Perfect   

Toughness
Not Available   
2.6   

Specific Gravity
1.1-1.4   
2.2-2.8   

Transparency
Opaque   
Opaque   

Density
800-801 g/cm3   
2.2-2.8 g/cm3   

Thermal Properties
  
  

Specific Heat Capacity
1.26 kJ/Kg K   
5
0.92 kJ/Kg K   
10

Resistance
Heat Resistant   
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant   

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents
  
  

Asia
Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Pakistan, Turkey, Vietnam   
China, India, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia, Uzbekistan   

Africa
Botswana, Kenya, Morocco, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania   
Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa   

Europe
Belgium, Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Kosovo, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, The Czech Republic, Ukraine, United Kingdom   
Austria, Denmark, Germany, Great Britain, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom   

Others
Not Yet Found   
Greenland   

Deposits in Western Continents
  
  

North America
Canada, Mexico, USA   
Canada, USA   

South America
Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela   
Brazil   

Deposits in Oceania Continent
  
  

Australia
New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria   
New South Wales, New Zealand   

Summary >>
<< Reserves

All about Lignite and Ganister Properties

Know all about Lignite and Ganister properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Lignite and Ganister belong to Sedimentary Rocks.Texture of Lignite is Amorphous, Glassy whereas that of Ganister is Clastic, Granular, Rough. Lignite appears Veined or Pebbled and Ganister appears Rough. The luster of Lignite is dull to vitreous to submetallic while that of Ganister is dull. Lignite is available in black, brown, dark brown, grey, light to dark grey colors whereas Ganister is available in beige, black, brown, colourless, cream, dark brown, green, grey, light green, light to dark grey, pink, red, white, yellow colors. The commercial uses of Lignite are electricity generation and that of Ganister are an oil and gas reservoir, in aquifers, petroleum reservoirs, soil conditioner, source of magnesia (mgo), tombstones.

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