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Lignite and Evaporite


Evaporite and Lignite


Definition

Definition
Lignite is a soft brownish coal which shows traces of plants and is intermediate between bituminous coal and peat  
A water-soluble mineral sediment resulting from concentration and crystallization by evaporation from an aqueous solution  

History
  
  

Origin
France  
USA  

Discoverer
Unknown  
Usiglio  

Etymology
From French, Latin lignum wood + -ite1  
From a sediment left after the evaporation  

Class
Sedimentary Rocks  
Sedimentary Rocks  

Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Soft Rock  
Durable Rock, Soft Rock  

Family
  
  

Group
-  
-  

Other Categories
Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock  
Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock  

Texture

Texture
Amorphous, Glassy  
Earthy  

Color
Black, Brown, Dark Brown, Grey, Light to Dark Grey  
Green, Grey, Silver, White  

Maintenance
Less  
Less  

Durability
Durable  
Durable  

Water Resistant
No  
Yes  

Scratch Resistant
No  
No  

Stain Resistant
No  
No  

Wind Resistant
No  
Yes  

Acid Resistant
No  
No  

Appearance
Veined or Pebbled  
Glassy, Vesicular and Foilated  

Uses

Architecture
  
  

Interior Uses
-  
Decorative Aggregates, Entryways, Flooring, Homes, Interior Decoration  

Exterior Uses
-  
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Paving Stone  

Other Architectural Uses
-  
Curbing  

Industry
  
  

Construction Industry
for Road Aggregate, Steel Production  
As a Flux in the Production of Steel and Pig Iron, As a Sintering Agent in Steel Industry to process Iron Ore, As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, Manufacture of Magnesium and Dolomite Refractories  

Medical Industry
-  
Taken as a Supplement for Calcium or Magnesium  

Antiquity Uses
-  
Artifacts  

Other Uses
  
  

Commercial Uses
Electricity Generation  
Used in the manufacture of Ceramic Powder, Used in the preparation of Sulfuric Acid and Silicon Diborite  

Types

Types
Xyloid Lignite or Fossil Wood and Compact Lignite or Perfect Lignite  
Sedimentary rock  

Features
Generally rough to touch, Helps in production of Heat and Electricity, Used as fossil fuel  
Generally rough to touch, Splintery, Veined  

Archaeological Significance
  
  

Monuments
-  
-  

Famous Monuments
-  
-  

Sculpture
-  
-  

Famous Sculptures
-  
-  

Pictographs
-  
-  

Petroglyphs
-  
-  

Figurines
-  
-  

Fossils
Present  
Present  

Formation

Formation
Coal formation takes place due to accumulation of plant debris in a swamp environment. The Coal formation process continues, as peat turns into lignite brown or black coal at increasing heat and pressure.  
Evaporite is water-soluble mineral sediment which forms from concentration and crystallization by evaporation from an aqueous solution.  

Composition
  
  

Mineral Content
-  
Calcite, Cancrinite, Gypsum, Kyanite, Magnetite  

Compound Content
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulphur  
CaMg(CO3)2, CaO, Calcium Sulfate, KCl, MgO, NaCl  

Transformation
  
  

Metamorphism
No  
Yes  

Types of Metamorphism
-  
Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism  

Weathering
Yes  
No  

Types of Weathering
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering  
-  

Erosion
Yes  
No  

Types of Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion  
-  

Properties

Physical Properties
  
  

Hardness
1  
2-3  

Grain Size
Medium to Fine Coarse Grained  
Medium to Fine Coarse Grained  

Fracture
Conchoidal  
Conchoidal  

Streak
Black  
White  

Porosity
Highly Porous  
Less Porous  

Luster
Dull to Vitreous to Submetallic  
Subvitreous to Dull  

Compressive Strength
-  
225.00 N/mm2  
8

Cleavage
-  
Perfect  

Toughness
-  
-  

Specific Gravity
1.1-1.4  
2.86-2.99  

Transparency
Opaque  
Translucent  

Density
800-801 g/cm3  
2.8-2.9 g/cm3  

Thermal Properties
  
  

Specific Heat Capacity
1.26 kJ/Kg K  
5
0.92 kJ/Kg K  
10

Resistance
Heat Resistant  
Heat Resistant, Pressure Resistant  

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents
  
  

Asia
Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Pakistan, Turkey, Vietnam  
-  

Africa
Botswana, Kenya, Morocco, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania  
-  

Europe
Belgium, Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Kosovo, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, The Czech Republic, Ukraine, United Kingdom  
United Kingdom  

Others
-  
-  

Deposits in Western Continents
  
  

North America
Canada, Mexico, USA  
USA  

South America
Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela  
Colombia, Paraguay  

Deposits in Oceania Continent
  
  

Australia
New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria  
Central Australia, Western Australia  

Summary >>
<< Reserves

All about Lignite and Evaporite Properties

Know all about Lignite and Evaporite properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Lignite and Evaporite belong to Sedimentary Rocks.Texture of Lignite is Amorphous, Glassy whereas that of Evaporite is Earthy. Lignite appears Veined or Pebbled and Evaporite appears Glassy, Vesicular and Foilated. The luster of Lignite is dull to vitreous to submetallic while that of Evaporite is subvitreous to dull. Lignite is available in black, brown, dark brown, grey, light to dark grey colors whereas Evaporite is available in green, grey, silver, white colors. The commercial uses of Lignite are electricity generation and that of Evaporite are used in the manufacture of ceramic powder, used in the preparation of sulfuric acid and silicon diborite.

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