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Lignite and Diabase


Diabase and Lignite


Definition

Definition
Lignite is a soft brownish coal which shows traces of plants and is intermediate between bituminous coal and peat  
Diabase is a fine-grained igneous rock which is composed mostly of pyroxene and feldspar  

History
  
  

Origin
France  
Germany  

Discoverer
Unknown  
Christian Leopold von Buch  

Etymology
From French, Latin lignum wood + -ite1  
From Greek di + base  

Class
Sedimentary Rocks  
Igneous Rocks  

Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Soft Rock  
Durable Rock, Hard Rock  

Family
  
  

Group
-  
Volcanic  

Other Categories
Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock  
Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock  

Texture

Texture
Amorphous, Glassy  
Aphanitic, Granular  

Color
Black, Brown, Dark Brown, Grey, Light to Dark Grey  
Dark Grey to Black  

Maintenance
Less  
Less  

Durability
Durable  
Durable  

Water Resistant
No  
Yes  

Scratch Resistant
No  
Yes  

Stain Resistant
No  
Yes  

Wind Resistant
No  
Yes  

Acid Resistant
No  
Yes  

Appearance
Veined or Pebbled  
Vesicular  

Uses

Architecture
  
  

Interior Uses
-  
Countertops, Decorative Aggregates, Homes, Interior Decoration, Kitchens  

Exterior Uses
-  
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Paving Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings  

Other Architectural Uses
-  
Curbing  

Industry
  
  

Construction Industry
for Road Aggregate, Steel Production  
As Dimension Stone, Building houses or walls, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate  

Medical Industry
-  
-  

Antiquity Uses
-  
Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines  

Other Uses
  
  

Commercial Uses
Electricity Generation  
An Oil and Gas Reservoir, Cemetery Markers, Commemorative Tablets, Laboratory bench tops, Jewelry, Sea Defence, Tombstones  

Types

Types
Xyloid Lignite or Fossil Wood and Compact Lignite or Perfect Lignite  
Dolerite  

Features
Generally rough to touch, Helps in production of Heat and Electricity, Used as fossil fuel  
Smooth to touch  

Archaeological Significance
  
  

Monuments
-  
-  

Famous Monuments
-  
Stonehenge in English county of Wiltshire  

Sculpture
-  
-  

Famous Sculptures
-  
-  

Pictographs
-  
-  

Petroglyphs
-  
-  

Figurines
-  
-  

Fossils
Present  
Absent  

Formation

Formation
Coal formation takes place due to accumulation of plant debris in a swamp environment. The Coal formation process continues, as peat turns into lignite brown or black coal at increasing heat and pressure.  
Diabase forms when molten igneous rock is squeezed up into a vertical crack in other rocks, the crack is usually forced apart and the molten rock cools in the space to form a tabular igneous intrusion cutting across the surrounding rocks and is known as a dike.  

Composition
  
  

Mineral Content
-  
Augite, Chlorite, Olivine, Plagioclase, Pyroxene, Pyrrhotite, Serpentine  

Compound Content
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulphur  
Aluminium Oxide, CaO, Chromium(III) Oxide, Iron(III) Oxide, Potassium Oxide, MgO, Sodium Oxide, Silicon Dioxide, Sulfur Trioxide  

Transformation
  
  

Metamorphism
No  
Yes  

Types of Metamorphism
-  
Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism  

Weathering
Yes  
Yes  

Types of Weathering
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering  
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering  

Erosion
Yes  
Yes  

Types of Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion  
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Water Erosion  

Properties

Physical Properties
  
  

Hardness
1  
7  

Grain Size
Medium to Fine Coarse Grained  
Fine to Medium Grained  

Fracture
Conchoidal  
Conchoidal  

Streak
Black  
Black  

Porosity
Highly Porous  
Highly Porous  

Luster
Dull to Vitreous to Submetallic  
-  

Compressive Strength
-  
225.00 N/mm2  
8

Cleavage
-  
-  

Toughness
-  
1.6  

Specific Gravity
1.1-1.4  
2.86-2.87  

Transparency
Opaque  
Opaque  

Density
800-801 g/cm3  
2.7-3.3 g/cm3  

Thermal Properties
  
  

Specific Heat Capacity
1.26 kJ/Kg K  
5
0.84 kJ/Kg K  
15

Resistance
Heat Resistant  
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant  

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents
  
  

Asia
Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Pakistan, Turkey, Vietnam  
India  

Africa
Botswana, Kenya, Morocco, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania  
South Africa, Tanzania  

Europe
Belgium, Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Kosovo, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, The Czech Republic, Ukraine, United Kingdom  
Germany, Greece, Italy, Scotland, Turkey  

Others
-  
Antarctica, Greenland  

Deposits in Western Continents
  
  

North America
Canada, Mexico, USA  
Canada, USA  

South America
Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela  
Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela  

Deposits in Oceania Continent
  
  

Australia
New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria  
Central Australia, New Zealand, Queensland, Western Australia  

Summary >>
<< Reserves

All about Lignite and Diabase Properties

Know all about Lignite and Diabase properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Lignite belongs to Sedimentary Rocks while Diabase belongs to Igneous Rocks.Texture of Lignite is Amorphous, Glassy whereas that of Diabase is Aphanitic, Granular. Lignite appears Veined or Pebbled and Diabase appears Vesicular. The luster of Lignite is dull to vitreous to submetallic while that of Diabase is . Lignite is available in black, brown, dark brown, grey, light to dark grey colors whereas Diabase is available in dark grey to black colors. The commercial uses of Lignite are electricity generation and that of Diabase are an oil and gas reservoir, cemetery markers, commemorative tablets, laboratory bench tops, jewelry, sea defence, tombstones.

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