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Lignite and Comendite


Comendite and Lignite


Definition

Definition
Lignite is a soft brownish coal which shows traces of plants and is intermediate between bituminous coal and peat   
Comendite is a hard, peralkaline igneous rock, a type of light blue grey rhyolite   

History
  
  

Origin
France   
Italy   

Discoverer
Unknown   
Unknown   

Etymology
From French, Latin lignum wood + -ite1   
Comendite derives its name from the area of Le Commende on San Pietro Island in Italy   

Class
Sedimentary Rocks   
Igneous Rocks   

Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Soft Rock   
Durable Rock, Hard Rock   

Family
  
  

Group
Not Applicable   
Volcanic   

Other Categories
Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock   
Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock   

Texture

Texture
Amorphous, Glassy   
Porphyritic   

Color
Black, Brown, Dark Brown, Grey, Light to Dark Grey   
Blue, Bluish - Grey   

Maintenance
Less   
Less   

Durability
Durable   
Durable   

Water Resistant
No   
Yes   

Scratch Resistant
No   
Yes   

Stain Resistant
No   
Yes   

Wind Resistant
No   
Yes   

Acid Resistant
No   
Yes   

Appearance
Veined or Pebbled   
Foliated   

Uses

Architecture
  
  

Interior Uses
Not Yet Used   
Countertops, Decorative Aggregates, Interior Decoration   

Exterior Uses
Not Yet Used   
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration   

Other Architectural Uses
Not Yet Used   
Curbing   

Industry
  
  

Construction Industry
for Road Aggregate, Steel Production   
Building houses or walls, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Landscaping, Making natural cement, Raw material for the manufacture of mortar   

Medical Industry
Not Yet Used   
Not Yet Used   

Antiquity Uses
Not Yet Used   
Artifacts   

Other Uses
  
  

Commercial Uses
Electricity Generation   
Cemetery Markers   

Types

Types
Xyloid Lignite or Fossil Wood and Compact Lignite or Perfect Lignite   
Rhyolite   

Features
Generally rough to touch, Helps in production of Heat and Electricity, Used as fossil fuel   
Very fine grained rock, It is One of the Oldest, Strongest and Hardest Rock   

Archaeological Significance
  
  

Monuments
Not Yet Used   
Not Yet Used   

Famous Monuments
Not Applicable   
Not Applicable   

Sculpture
Not Yet Used   
Not Yet Used   

Famous Sculptures
Not Applicable   
Not Applicable   

Pictographs
Used   
Not Used   

Petroglyphs
Used   
Not Used   

Figurines
Not Yet Used   
Not Yet Used   

Fossils
Present   
Absent   

Formation

Formation
Coal formation takes place due to accumulation of plant debris in a swamp environment. The Coal formation process continues, as peat turns into lignite brown or black coal at increasing heat and pressure.   
Comendite is a type of Igneous rock which is formed due to cooling and solidification of lava or magma. It may form with or without crystallization, either below the surface as intrusive rocks or on the surface as extrusive rocks.   

Composition
  
  

Mineral Content
Not Available   
Albite, Amphibole, Quartz   

Compound Content
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulphur   
Al, Fe, Potassium Oxide   

Transformation
  
  

Metamorphism
No   
Yes   

Types of Metamorphism
Not Applicable   
Cataclastic Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism   

Weathering
Yes   
Yes   

Types of Weathering
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering   
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering   

Erosion
Yes   
Yes   

Types of Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion   
Coastal Erosion, Water Erosion   

Properties

Physical Properties
  
  

Hardness
1   
6-7   

Grain Size
Medium to Fine Coarse Grained   
Medium Grained   

Fracture
Conchoidal   
Pervasive   

Streak
Black   
Bluish Black   

Porosity
Highly Porous   
Highly Porous   

Luster
Dull to Vitreous to Submetallic   
Dull   

Compressive Strength
Not Available   
92.40 N/mm2   
21

Cleavage
Non-Existent   
Not Available   

Toughness
Not Available   
2   

Specific Gravity
1.1-1.4   
2.38   

Transparency
Opaque   
Opaque   

Density
800-801 g/cm3   
Not Available   

Thermal Properties
  
  

Specific Heat Capacity
1.26 kJ/Kg K   
5
Not Available   

Resistance
Heat Resistant   
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant   

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents
  
  

Asia
Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Pakistan, Turkey, Vietnam   
China   

Africa
Botswana, Kenya, Morocco, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania   
East Africa   

Europe
Belgium, Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Kosovo, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, The Czech Republic, Ukraine, United Kingdom   
Italy   

Others
Not Yet Found   
Not Yet Found   

Deposits in Western Continents
  
  

North America
Canada, Mexico, USA   
Not Yet Found   

South America
Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela   
Not Yet Found   

Deposits in Oceania Continent
  
  

Australia
New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria   
Queensland   

Summary >>
<< Reserves

All about Lignite and Comendite Properties

Know all about Lignite and Comendite properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Lignite belongs to Sedimentary Rocks while Comendite belongs to Igneous Rocks.Texture of Lignite is Amorphous, Glassy whereas that of Comendite is Porphyritic. Lignite appears Veined or Pebbled and Comendite appears Foliated. The luster of Lignite is dull to vitreous to submetallic while that of Comendite is dull. Lignite is available in black, brown, dark brown, grey, light to dark grey colors whereas Comendite is available in blue, bluish - grey colors. The commercial uses of Lignite are electricity generation and that of Comendite are cemetery markers.

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