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Lignite and Borolanite


Borolanite and Lignite


Definition

Definition
Lignite is a soft brownish coal which shows traces of plants and is intermediate between bituminous coal and peat  
Borolanite is a variety of Nepheline Syenite and belongs to igneous rocks and contains nepheline-alkali feldspar pseudomorphs which occur as conspicuous white spots in the dark rock matrix  

History
  
  

Origin
France  
Scotland  

Discoverer
Unknown  
Unknown  

Etymology
From French, Latin lignum wood + -ite1  
From Alkalic Igneous complex near Loch Borralan in northwest Scotland  

Class
Sedimentary Rocks  
Igneous Rocks  

Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Soft Rock  
Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock  

Family
  
  

Group
-  
Plutonic  

Other Categories
Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock  
Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock  

Texture

Texture
Amorphous, Glassy  
Granular  

Color
Black, Brown, Dark Brown, Grey, Light to Dark Grey  
Brown, Buff, Cream, Green, Grey, Pink, White  

Maintenance
Less  
Less  

Durability
Durable  
Durable  

Water Resistant
No  
Yes  

Scratch Resistant
No  
No  

Stain Resistant
No  
No  

Wind Resistant
No  
Yes  

Acid Resistant
No  
Yes  

Appearance
Veined or Pebbled  
Banded and Foilated  

Uses

Architecture
  
  

Interior Uses
-  
Countertops, Decorative Aggregates, Flooring, Homes, Interior Decoration  

Exterior Uses
-  
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Paving Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings  

Other Architectural Uses
-  
Curbing  

Industry
  
  

Construction Industry
for Road Aggregate, Steel Production  
As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Landscaping, Making natural cement, Manufacture of Magnesium and Dolomite Refractories, Production of Glass and Ceramics  

Medical Industry
-  
-  

Antiquity Uses
-  
Artifacts  

Other Uses
  
  

Commercial Uses
Electricity Generation  
Cemetery Markers  

Types

Types
Xyloid Lignite or Fossil Wood and Compact Lignite or Perfect Lignite  
-  

Features
Generally rough to touch, Helps in production of Heat and Electricity, Used as fossil fuel  
Application of acids on the surface causes cloudy frosting, Available in Lots of Colors and Patterns, Dissolves in hydrochloric acid, Is one of the oldest rock  

Archaeological Significance
  
  

Monuments
-  
-  

Famous Monuments
-  
-  

Sculpture
-  
-  

Famous Sculptures
-  
-  

Pictographs
-  
-  

Petroglyphs
-  
-  

Figurines
-  
-  

Fossils
Present  
Absent  

Formation

Formation
Coal formation takes place due to accumulation of plant debris in a swamp environment. The Coal formation process continues, as peat turns into lignite brown or black coal at increasing heat and pressure.  
Borolanites are formed due to alkaline igneous activities and are generally formed in thick continental crustal areas or in Cordilleran subduction zones.  

Composition
  
  

Mineral Content
-  
Albite, Amphibole, Biotite, Cancrinite, Feldspar, Hornblende, Plagioclase, Pyroxene, Sodalite  

Compound Content
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulphur  
Aluminium Oxide, CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, FeO, Potassium Oxide, MgO, MnO, Sodium Oxide, Phosphorus Pentoxide, Silicon Dioxide, Titanium Dioxide  

Transformation
  
  

Metamorphism
No  
Yes  

Types of Metamorphism
-  
Regional Metamorphism  

Weathering
Yes  
Yes  

Types of Weathering
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering  
Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering  

Erosion
Yes  
Yes  

Types of Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion  
Wind Erosion  

Properties

Physical Properties
  
  

Hardness
1  
5.5-6  

Grain Size
Medium to Fine Coarse Grained  
Fine Grained  

Fracture
Conchoidal  
Conchoidal to Uneven  

Streak
Black  
White  

Porosity
Highly Porous  
Less Porous  

Luster
Dull to Vitreous to Submetallic  
Greasy to Dull  

Compressive Strength
-  
150.00 N/mm2  
22

Cleavage
-  
-  

Toughness
-  
-  

Specific Gravity
1.1-1.4  
2.6  

Transparency
Opaque  
Translucent to Opaque  

Density
800-801 g/cm3  
2.6 g/cm3  

Thermal Properties
  
  

Specific Heat Capacity
1.26 kJ/Kg K  
5
0.84 kJ/Kg K  
15

Resistance
Heat Resistant  
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Wear Resistant  

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents
  
  

Asia
Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Pakistan, Turkey, Vietnam  
Indonesia, Iran, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Vietnam  

Africa
Botswana, Kenya, Morocco, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania  
Angola, Egypt, Madagascar, Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa  

Europe
Belgium, Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Kosovo, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, The Czech Republic, Ukraine, United Kingdom  
Andorra, Finland, France, Great Britain, Italy, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden  

Others
-  
Greenland  

Deposits in Western Continents
  
  

North America
Canada, Mexico, USA  
Canada, USA  

South America
Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela  
Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Uruguay, Venezuela  

Deposits in Oceania Continent
  
  

Australia
New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria  
New Zealand, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Western Australia  

Summary >>
<< Reserves

All about Lignite and Borolanite Properties

Know all about Lignite and Borolanite properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Lignite belongs to Sedimentary Rocks while Borolanite belongs to Igneous Rocks.Texture of Lignite is Amorphous, Glassy whereas that of Borolanite is Granular. Lignite appears Veined or Pebbled and Borolanite appears Banded and Foilated. The luster of Lignite is dull to vitreous to submetallic while that of Borolanite is greasy to dull. Lignite is available in black, brown, dark brown, grey, light to dark grey colors whereas Borolanite is available in brown, buff, cream, green, grey, pink, white colors. The commercial uses of Lignite are electricity generation and that of Borolanite are cemetery markers.

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