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Laterite and Nephelinite


Nephelinite and Laterite


Definition

Definition
Laterite rock is a type of Sedimentary rock which is rich in iron and aluminium, formed in hot and wet tropical areas  
Nephelinite is a fine-grained or aphanitic igneous rock made up almost entirely of nepheline and clinopyroxene (variety augite).  

History
  
  

Origin
India  
Brazil  

Discoverer
Francis Buchanan-Hamilton  
Unknown  

Etymology
From Latin later brick, tile + -ite1  
from French néphéline, from Greek nephelē  

Class
Sedimentary Rocks  
Igneous Rocks  

Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Soft Rock  
Durable Rock, Hard Rock  

Family
  
  

Group
-  
Plutonic  

Other Categories
Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock  
Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock  

Texture

Texture
Earthy, Massive, Porphyritic  
Aphanitic  

Color
Brown, Buff, Red  
Black, Brown, Green, Grey, White  

Maintenance
Less  
Less  

Durability
Durable  
Durable  

Water Resistant
No  
Yes  

Scratch Resistant
No  
Yes  

Stain Resistant
No  
Yes  

Wind Resistant
No  
Yes  

Acid Resistant
No  
Yes  

Appearance
Rough and Banded  
Skeletal  

Uses

Architecture
  
  

Interior Uses
Decorative Aggregates, Flooring, Interior Decoration  
Decorative Aggregates, Homes, Interior Decoration  

Exterior Uses
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration  
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings, Paving Stone  

Other Architectural Uses
Curbing  
Curbing  

Industry
  
  

Construction Industry
Cobblestones, for Road Aggregate, Landscaping, Roadstone  
As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate  

Medical Industry
-  
-  

Antiquity Uses
Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture  
Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines  

Other Uses
  
  

Commercial Uses
An Oil and Gas Reservoir, Source of bauxite, Used in aquariums  
Creating Artwork, Soil Conditioner, Source of Magnesia (MgO)  

Types

Types
Laterite  
Peralkaline Nephelinite  

Features
Is one of the oldest rock, Very fine grained rock  
Host Rock for Lead  

Archaeological Significance
  
  

Monuments
-  
-  

Famous Monuments
-  
-  

Sculpture
-  
-  

Famous Sculptures
-  
-  

Pictographs
-  
-  

Petroglyphs
-  
-  

Figurines
-  
-  

Fossils
Present  
Absent  

Formation

Formation
Laterite is a type of sedimentary rock which is generally a reddish weathering product of basalt.   
Nephelinite is a fine-grained, hard rock which is a type of metasomatite, essentially altered basalt. It forms with or without crystallization, either below the surface as intrusive rocks or on the surface as extrusive rocks.  

Composition
  
  

Mineral Content
Aluminum Oxides, Biotite, Hematite, Hornblade, Iron Oxides, Manganese Oxides, Micas, Muscovite or Illite, Plagioclase, Pyroxene  
Clinopyroxene, Nepheline, Plagioclase  

Compound Content
Aluminium Oxide, CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, FeO, Potassium Oxide, MgO, MnO, Sodium Oxide, Phosphorus Pentoxide, Silicon Dioxide, Titanium Dioxide  
Ca, CaO, Carbon, Cl, MgO  

Transformation
  
  

Metamorphism
No  
Yes  

Types of Metamorphism
-  
Contact Metamorphism  

Weathering
Yes  
Yes  

Types of Weathering
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering  
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering  

Erosion
Yes  
Yes  

Types of Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion  
Chemical Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion  

Properties

Physical Properties
  
  

Hardness
2  
6.5  

Grain Size
Fine Grained  
Fine Grained  

Fracture
Conchoidal  
Flat  

Streak
White  
White  

Porosity
Highly Porous  
Less Porous  

Luster
Dull  
Vitreous to Metallic  

Compressive Strength
5.00 N/mm2  
99+
35.00 N/mm2  
99+

Cleavage
-  
-  

Toughness
-  
2.7  

Specific Gravity
-9999  
2.4-2.9  

Transparency
Opaque  
Opaque  

Density
-9999 g/cm3  
2.5-3 g/cm3  

Thermal Properties
  
  

Specific Heat Capacity
0.92 kJ/Kg K  
10
0.88 kJ/Kg K  
13

Resistance
Heat Resistant, Pressure Resistant  
Heat Resistant  

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents
  
  

Asia
India  
Japan  

Africa
East Africa, Western Africa  
Rwanda, Tanzania  

Europe
England, Romania, Scotland  
-  

Others
-  
Hawaii Islands  

Deposits in Western Continents
  
  

North America
Canada, USA  
Canada, USA  

South America
-  
Colombia  

Deposits in Oceania Continent
  
  

Australia
Central Australia, Western Australia  
-  

Summary >>
<< Reserves

All about Laterite and Nephelinite Properties

Know all about Laterite and Nephelinite properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Laterite belongs to Sedimentary Rocks while Nephelinite belongs to Igneous Rocks.Texture of Laterite is Earthy, Massive, Porphyritic whereas that of Nephelinite is Aphanitic. Laterite appears Rough and Banded and Nephelinite appears Skeletal. The luster of Laterite is dull while that of Nephelinite is vitreous to metallic. Laterite is available in brown, buff, red colors whereas Nephelinite is available in black, brown, green, grey, white colors. The commercial uses of Laterite are an oil and gas reservoir, source of bauxite, used in aquariums and that of Nephelinite are creating artwork, soil conditioner, source of magnesia (mgo).

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