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Kimberlite
Kimberlite

Turbidite
Turbidite



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Kimberlite
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Kimberlite vs Turbidite

Definition

Definition

Kimberlite is a rare, blue-tinged, coarse-grained intrusive igneous rock, which sometimes contains diamonds and is mostly found in South Africa and Siberia.
A sedimentary rock, deposit of a submarine turbidity currents and are composed of layered particles

History

Origin

Kimberley, South Africa
European Foreland Basins

Discoverer

John W. Judd
Arnold H. Bouma

Etymology

From Kimberley +‎ -ite, from the name of the South African town of Kimberley where the rock was first found.
From Medieval Latin turbiditas, from Latin turbidus (turbid). Turbidity current is from 1939

Class

Igneous Rocks
Sedimentary Rocks

Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Hard Rock
Durable Rock, Soft Rock

Family

Group

Volcanic
-

Other Categories

Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Texture

Texture

Porphyritic
Mud-rich, Sandy

Color

Black, Bluish - Grey, Brown, Dark Greenish - Grey, Green, Grey
Black, Brown, Green, Grey, Pink

Maintenance

Less
Less

Durability

Durable
Durable

Water Resistant

Scratch Resistant

Stain Resistant

Wind Resistant

Acid Resistant

Appearance

Dull and Banded
Dull and Banded

Uses

Architecture

Interior Uses

Countertops, Decorative Aggregates, Homes, Interior Decoration
Bathrooms, Countertops, Decorative Aggregates, Flooring, Homes, Interior Decoration

Exterior Uses

As Building Stone, Paving Stone, Garden Decoration
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Paving Stone, Garden Decoration

Other Architectural Uses

Curbing
Curbing

Industry

Construction Industry

As a Flux in the Production of Steel and Pig Iron, As a Sintering Agent in Steel Industry to process Iron Ore, As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, Manufacture of Magnesium and Dolomite Refractories
As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement

Medical Industry

Taken as a Supplement for Calcium or Magnesium
-

Antiquity Uses

Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines
Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture

Other Uses

Commercial Uses

An Oil and Gas Reservoir, As a Feed Additive for Livestock, Gemstone, Metallurgical Flux, Production of Lime, Soil Conditioner, Source of Magnesia (MgO)
Cemetery Markers, Creating Artwork

Types

Types

Basaltic Kimberlites and Micaceous Kimberlites
Sedimentary rock

Features

Always found as volcanic pipes over deep continental crust, Host rock for Diamond, Is one of the oldest rock, Surfaces are often shiny
High silica content, Host Rock for Lead

Archaeological Significance

Monuments

-
-

Famous Monuments

-
-

Sculpture

-
-

Famous Sculptures

-
-

Pictographs

-
-

Petroglyphs

-
-

Figurines

-
-

Fossils

Absent
Present

Formation

Formation

Kimberlite is an igneous rock and is the main source of diamonds. Its formation takes place deep beneath the Earth’s surface between 150 to 450 kilometres, and are erupted rapidly and violently.
Turbidite is a type of sedimentary rock formed when a river carries or transports pieces of broken rock as it flows. These particles then settle down and are subjected to high temperature and pressures hence forming Turbidite.

Composition

Mineral Content

Garnet, Olivine, Phlogopite, Pyroxene
Coesite, Quartz, Sand

Compound Content

Aluminium Oxide, NaCl, CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, FeO, Potassium Oxide, MgO, MnO, Sodium Oxide, Silicon Dioxide, Titanium Dioxide
CaO, Carbon Dioxide, MgO

Transformation

Metamorphism

Types of Metamorphism

Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Hydrothermal Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism
-

Weathering

Types of Weathering

Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering

Erosion

Types of Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion

Properties

Physical Properties

Hardness

6-73
1 7
👆🏻

Grain Size

Fine to Coarse Grained
Fine to Coarse Grained

Fracture

Conchoidal
Splintery

Streak

White
White, Greenish White or Grey

Porosity

Very Less Porous
Very Less Porous

Luster

Subvitreous to Dull
Metallic

Compressive Strength

260.00 N/mm2200.00 N/mm2
0.15 450
👆🏻

Cleavage

Conchoidal
Disjunctive

Toughness

-
2.4

Specific Gravity

2.86-2.872.46-2.73
0 8.4
👆🏻

Transparency

Translucent to Opaque
Opaque

Density

2.95-2.96 g/cm31.6-2.5 g/cm3
0 1400
👆🏻

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat Capacity

0.92 kJ/Kg K0.92 kJ/Kg K
0.14 3.2
👆🏻

Resistance

Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant
Heat Resistant

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents

Asia

Russia
-

Africa

Angola, Botswana, Cameroon, Ethiopia, South Africa
Western Africa

Europe

England, Hungary, Iceland, United Kingdom
Austria, Belarus, Romania, Switzerland, United Kingdom

Others

Antarctica
-

Deposits in Western Continents

North America

Canada, USA
Canada, USA

South America

Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador
Brazil, Colombia

Deposits in Oceania Continent

Australia

New South Wales, New Zealand, South Australia, Western Australia
New Zealand, Western Australia

Kimberlite vs Turbidite Information

Earth’s outer layer is covered by rocks and these rocks have different physical and chemical properties. As two rocks are not same, it’s fun to compare them. You can also know more about Kimberlite and Turbidite Reserves. Kimberlite is a rare, blue-tinged, coarse-grained intrusive igneous rock, which sometimes contains diamonds and is mostly found in South Africa and Siberia.. A sedimentary rock, deposit of a submarine turbidity currents and are composed of layered particles. These rocks are composed of many distinct minerals. The process of formation of rocks is different for various rocks. Rocks are quarried from many years for various purposes. You can check out Kimberlite vs Turbidite information and Kimberlite vs Turbidite characteristics in the upcoming sections.

Kimberlite vs Turbidite Characteristics

Though some rocks look identical, they have certain characteristics which distinguish them from others. Characteristics of rocks include texture, appearance, color, fracture, streak, hardness etc. Kimberlite vs Turbidite characteristics assist us to distinguish and recognize rocks. Also you can check about Properties of Kimberlite and Properties of Turbidite. Learn more about Kimberlite vs Turbidite in the next section. The interior uses of Kimberlite include Countertops, Decorative aggregates, Homes and Interior decoration whereas the interior uses of Turbidite include Bathrooms, Countertops, Decorative aggregates, Flooring, Homes and Interior decoration. Due to some exceptional properties of Kimberlite and Turbidite, they have various applications in construction industry. The uses of Kimberlite in construction industry include As a flux in the production of steel and pig iron, As a sintering agent in steel industry to process iron ore, As dimension stone, Cement manufacture, For road aggregate, Making natural cement, Manufacture of magnesium and dolomite refractories and that of Turbidite include As dimension stone, Cement manufacture, Construction aggregate, For road aggregate, Making natural cement.

More about Kimberlite and Turbidite

Here you can know more about Kimberlite and Turbidite. The life cycle of a rock consists of formation of rock, composition of rock and transformation of rock. The composition of Kimberlite and Turbidite consists of mineral content and compound content. The mineral content of Kimberlite includes Garnet, Olivine, Phlogopite, Pyroxene and mineral content of Turbidite includes Coesite, Quartz, Sand. You can also check out the list of all Igneous Rocks. When we have to compare Kimberlite vs Turbidite, the texture, color and appearance plays an important role in determining the type of rock. Kimberlite is available in black, bluish - grey, brown, dark greenish - grey, green, grey colors whereas, Turbidite is available in black, brown, green, grey, pink colors. Appearance of Kimberlite is Dull and Banded and that of Turbidite is Dull and Banded. Properties of rock is another aspect for Kimberlite vs Turbidite. The hardness of Kimberlite is 6-7 and that of Turbidite is 3. The types of Kimberlite are Basaltic Kimberlites and Micaceous Kimberlites whereas types of Turbidite are Sedimentary rock. Streak of rock is the color of powder produced when it is dragged across an unweathered surface. The streak of Kimberlite is white while that of Turbidite is white, greenish white or grey. The specific heat capacity of Kimberlite is 0.92 kJ/Kg K and that of Turbidite is 0.92 kJ/Kg K. Depending on the properties like hardness, toughness, specific heat capacity, porosity etc., rocks are resistant to heat, wear, impact, etc.Kimberlite is heat resistant, impact resistant whereas Turbidite is heat resistant.