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Kimberlite
Kimberlite

Tephrite
Tephrite



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Kimberlite
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Kimberlite vs Tephrite

Definition

Definition

Kimberlite is a rare, blue-tinged, coarse-grained intrusive igneous rock, which sometimes contains diamonds and is mostly found in South Africa and Siberia.
Tephrite is an aphanitic to porphyritic textured, volcanic igneous rock

History

Origin

Kimberley, South Africa
Germany

Discoverer

John W. Judd
Van Tooren

Etymology

From Kimberley +‎ -ite, from the name of the South African town of Kimberley where the rock was first found.
From Greek tephra, ashes from Indo-European base, to burn

Class

Igneous Rocks
Igneous Rocks

Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Hard Rock
Durable Rock, Hard Rock

Family

Group

Volcanic
Volcanic

Other Categories

Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Texture

Texture

Porphyritic
Aphanitic to Porphyritic

Color

Black, Bluish - Grey, Brown, Dark Greenish - Grey, Green, Grey
Black, Brown, Green, Grey, White

Maintenance

Less
Less

Durability

Durable
Durable

Water Resistant

Scratch Resistant

Stain Resistant

Wind Resistant

Acid Resistant

Appearance

Dull and Banded
Vesicular

Uses

Architecture

Interior Uses

Countertops, Decorative Aggregates, Homes, Interior Decoration
Decorative Aggregates, Flooring, Homes, Interior Decoration

Exterior Uses

As Building Stone, Paving Stone, Garden Decoration
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings

Other Architectural Uses

Curbing
Curbing

Industry

Construction Industry

As a Flux in the Production of Steel and Pig Iron, As a Sintering Agent in Steel Industry to process Iron Ore, As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, Manufacture of Magnesium and Dolomite Refractories
Landscaping

Medical Industry

Taken as a Supplement for Calcium or Magnesium
-

Antiquity Uses

Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines
Artifacts, Sculpture

Other Uses

Commercial Uses

An Oil and Gas Reservoir, As a Feed Additive for Livestock, Gemstone, Metallurgical Flux, Production of Lime, Soil Conditioner, Source of Magnesia (MgO)
Production of Lime, Soil Conditioner

Types

Types

Basaltic Kimberlites and Micaceous Kimberlites
Igneous rock

Features

Always found as volcanic pipes over deep continental crust, Host rock for Diamond, Is one of the oldest rock, Surfaces are often shiny
Host Rock for Lead

Archaeological Significance

Monuments

-
-

Famous Monuments

-
-

Sculpture

-
-

Famous Sculptures

-
-

Pictographs

-
-

Petroglyphs

-
-

Figurines

-
-

Fossils

Absent
Absent

Formation

Formation

Kimberlite is an igneous rock and is the main source of diamonds. Its formation takes place deep beneath the Earth’s surface between 150 to 450 kilometres, and are erupted rapidly and violently.
Tephrite is a fine-grained, hard rock which is a type of metasomatite, essentially altered basalt. It forms with or without crystallization, either below the surface as intrusive rocks or on the surface as extrusive rocks.

Composition

Mineral Content

Garnet, Olivine, Phlogopite, Pyroxene
Alkali feldspar, Nepheline, Plagioclase, Pyroxene

Compound Content

Aluminium Oxide, NaCl, CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, FeO, Potassium Oxide, MgO, MnO, Sodium Oxide, Silicon Dioxide, Titanium Dioxide
CaO, Carbon Dioxide, MgO, Silicon Dioxide

Transformation

Metamorphism

Types of Metamorphism

Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Hydrothermal Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism
Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism

Weathering

Types of Weathering

Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering

Erosion

Types of Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion

Properties

Physical Properties

Hardness

6-76.5
1 7
👆🏻

Grain Size

Fine to Coarse Grained
Medium to Fine Coarse Grained

Fracture

Conchoidal
Uneven

Streak

White
Bluish Black

Porosity

Very Less Porous
Very Less Porous

Luster

Subvitreous to Dull
Subvitreous to Dull

Compressive Strength

260.00 N/mm290.00 N/mm2
0.15 450
👆🏻

Cleavage

Conchoidal
Crenulation and Pervasive

Toughness

-
2.4

Specific Gravity

2.86-2.872.86
0 8.4
👆🏻

Transparency

Translucent to Opaque
Opaque

Density

2.95-2.96 g/cm32.8-2.9 g/cm3
0 1400
👆🏻

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat Capacity

0.92 kJ/Kg K0.92 kJ/Kg K
0.14 3.2
👆🏻

Resistance

Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents

Asia

Russia
-

Africa

Angola, Botswana, Cameroon, Ethiopia, South Africa
Namibia, Uganda

Europe

England, Hungary, Iceland, United Kingdom
Germany, Hungary, Italy, Portugal, Spain

Others

Antarctica
-

Deposits in Western Continents

North America

Canada, USA
USA

South America

Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador
-

Deposits in Oceania Continent

Australia

New South Wales, New Zealand, South Australia, Western Australia
New Zealand, Western Australia

Kimberlite vs Tephrite Information

Earth’s outer layer is covered by rocks and these rocks have different physical and chemical properties. As two rocks are not same, it’s fun to compare them. You can also know more about Kimberlite and Tephrite Reserves. Kimberlite is a rare, blue-tinged, coarse-grained intrusive igneous rock, which sometimes contains diamonds and is mostly found in South Africa and Siberia.. Tephrite is an aphanitic to porphyritic textured, volcanic igneous rock. These rocks are composed of many distinct minerals. The process of formation of rocks is different for various rocks. Rocks are quarried from many years for various purposes. You can check out Kimberlite vs Tephrite information and Kimberlite vs Tephrite characteristics in the upcoming sections.

Kimberlite vs Tephrite Characteristics

Though some rocks look identical, they have certain characteristics which distinguish them from others. Characteristics of rocks include texture, appearance, color, fracture, streak, hardness etc. Kimberlite vs Tephrite characteristics assist us to distinguish and recognize rocks. Also you can check about Properties of Kimberlite and Properties of Tephrite. Learn more about Kimberlite vs Tephrite in the next section. The interior uses of Kimberlite include Countertops, Decorative aggregates, Homes and Interior decoration whereas the interior uses of Tephrite include Decorative aggregates, Flooring, Homes and Interior decoration. Due to some exceptional properties of Kimberlite and Tephrite, they have various applications in construction industry. The uses of Kimberlite in construction industry include As a flux in the production of steel and pig iron, As a sintering agent in steel industry to process iron ore, As dimension stone, Cement manufacture, For road aggregate, Making natural cement, Manufacture of magnesium and dolomite refractories and that of Tephrite include Landscaping.

More about Kimberlite and Tephrite

Here you can know more about Kimberlite and Tephrite. The life cycle of a rock consists of formation of rock, composition of rock and transformation of rock. The composition of Kimberlite and Tephrite consists of mineral content and compound content. The mineral content of Kimberlite includes Garnet, Olivine, Phlogopite, Pyroxene and mineral content of Tephrite includes Alkali feldspar, Nepheline, Plagioclase, Pyroxene. You can also check out the list of all Igneous Rocks. When we have to compare Kimberlite vs Tephrite, the texture, color and appearance plays an important role in determining the type of rock. Kimberlite is available in black, bluish - grey, brown, dark greenish - grey, green, grey colors whereas, Tephrite is available in black, brown, green, grey, white colors. Appearance of Kimberlite is Dull and Banded and that of Tephrite is Vesicular. Properties of rock is another aspect for Kimberlite vs Tephrite. The hardness of Kimberlite is 6-7 and that of Tephrite is 6.5. The types of Kimberlite are Basaltic Kimberlites and Micaceous Kimberlites whereas types of Tephrite are Igneous rock. Streak of rock is the color of powder produced when it is dragged across an unweathered surface. The streak of Kimberlite is white while that of Tephrite is bluish black. The specific heat capacity of Kimberlite is 0.92 kJ/Kg K and that of Tephrite is 0.92 kJ/Kg K. Depending on the properties like hardness, toughness, specific heat capacity, porosity etc., rocks are resistant to heat, wear, impact, etc.Kimberlite is heat resistant, impact resistant whereas Tephrite is heat resistant, impact resistant.