Ignimbrite

Jasperoid

Ignimbrite and Jasperoid

Ignimbrite

Jasperoid

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1 Definition

1.1 Definition

Ignimbrite is a volcanic rock consisting mainly of pumice fragments, formed by the consolidation of material deposited by pyroclastic flows

Jasperoid is a rare, peculiar type of metasomatic alteration of rocks

1.2 History

1.2.1 Origin

New Zealand

USA

1.2.2 Discoverer

Patrick Marshall

Unknown

1.3 Etymology

From Latin ignis fire + imber, imbr- shower of rain, storm cloud + -ite

From silica, the main mineral content of Jasperoid

1.2 Class

Igneous Rocks

Sedimentary Rocks

1.2.1 Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock

1.4 Family

1.4.1 Group

Volcanic

Not Applicable

1.5 Other Categories

Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

2 Texture

2.1 Texture

Aphanitic

Earthy

2.3 Color

Beige, Black, Brown, Grey, Pink, White

Black, Brown, Colourless, Green, Grey, Pink, White

2.5 Maintenance

Less

2.6 Durability

Durable

2.6.2 Water Resistant

✔ ✘

2.8.1 Scratch Resistant

✔ ✘

3.1.1 Stain Resistant

✔ ✘

3.3.1 Wind Resistant

✔ ✘

3.4.1 Acid Resistant

✔ ✘

3.5 Appearance

Dull, Vesicular and Foilated

Glassy or Pearly

4 Uses

4.1 Architecture

4.1.1 Interior Uses

Decorative Aggregates, Floor Tiles, Homes, Interior Decoration

4.1.3 Exterior Uses

As Building Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings, Paving Stone

4.1.4 Other Architectural Uses

Curbing

4.2 Industry

4.2.1 Construction Industry

Building houses or walls, Construction Aggregate

As a Flux in the Production of Steel and Pig Iron, As a Sintering Agent in Steel Industry to process Iron Ore, As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, Manufacture of Magnesium and Dolomite Refractories, Production of Glass and Ceramics, Serves as an Oil and Gas Reservoir rock

4.2.3 Medical Industry

Not Yet Used

Taken as a Supplement for Calcium or Magnesium

4.3 Antiquity Uses

Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines

Artifacts, Jewellery, Monuments, Sculpture

4.4 Other Uses

4.4.1 Commercial Uses

Cemetery Markers, Commemorative Tablets, Creating Artwork

An Oil and Gas Reservoir, As a Feed Additive for Livestock, Gemstone, Metallurgical Flux, Production of Lime, Soil Conditioner, Source of Magnesia (MgO)

5 Types

5.1 Types

Not Available

5.2 Features

Always found as volcanic pipes over deep continental crust

Host Rock for Lead, Traps for subsurface fluids like Oil and Natural Gas., Zinc and Copper Deposits

5.3 Archaeological Significance

5.3.1 Monuments

Used

5.3.3 Famous Monuments

Data Not Available

5.3.4 Sculpture

Used

5.3.5 Famous Sculptures

Data Not Available

5.4.1 Pictographs

Used

6.1.2 Petroglyphs

Used

6.1.3 Figurines

Used

6.2 Fossils

Absent

Present

7 Formation

7.1 Formation

Ignimbrites are formed from very poorly sorted mixture of volcanic ash or tuff and pumice lapilli, commonly with scattered lithic fragments.

Jasperoid is a rare and peculiar type of metasomatic alteration of rocks. It is formed by extreme alteration of wall rocks within a shear zone which may occur in sediments, andesites, trachytes and basalts.

7.3 Composition

7.3.1 Mineral Content

Apatite, Biotite, Calcite, Chlorite, Feldspar, Hematite, Hornblade, Ilmenite, Magnetite, Olivine, Pyroxene, Quartz

Clay Minerals, Pyrite, Quartz, Sulfides

7.3.3 Compound Content

Ca, NaCl

NaCl, CaO, Carbon Dioxide, Magnesium Carbonate, MgO

7.5 Transformation

7.5.1 Metamorphism

✔ ✘

7.6.2 Types of Metamorphism

Burial Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Hydrothermal Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism

Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism

8.1.1 Weathering

✔ ✘

8.2.1 Types of Weathering

Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering

Not Applicable

8.3.2 Erosion

✔ ✘

8.3.4 Types of Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion

Not Applicable

9 Properties

9.1 Physical Properties

9.1.1 Hardness

4-63.5-4

1 7

11.1.2 Grain Size

Fine Grained

Medium to Fine Coarse Grained

11.1.3 Fracture

Uneven

Conchoidal

11.1.4 Streak

White

11.1.5 Porosity

Highly Porous

Less Porous

11.1.6 Luster

Vitreous to Dull

Vitreous and Pearly

11.1.7 Compressive Strength

243.80 N/mm²140.00 N/mm²

0.15 450

11.1.14 Cleavage

Not Available

Perfect

11.1.15 Toughness

Not Available

11.1.16 Specific Gravity

2.732.8-3

0 8.4

11.1.19 Transparency

Opaque

Transparent to Translucent

11.1.21 Density

1-1.8 g/cm³2.8-2.9 g/cm³

0 1400

11.2 Thermal Properties

11.2.1 Specific Heat Capacity

0.20 kJ/Kg K0.92 kJ/Kg K

0.14 3.2

11.3.2 Resistance

Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant

Heat Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant

12 Reserves

12.1 Deposits in Eastern Continents

12.1.1 Asia

Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nepal, North Korea, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam, Yemen

China, India

12.1.2 Africa

Cameroon, Cape Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, Madagascar, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda

Morocco, Namibia

12.1.3 Europe

France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, United Kingdom

Austria, Italy, Romania, Spain, Switzerland

12.1.4 Others

Antarctica, Hawaii Islands

Not Yet Found

12.2 Deposits in Western Continents

12.2.1 North America

Canada, Costa Rica, Panama, USA

Mexico, USA

12.2.2 South America

Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador

Brazil, Colombia

12.3 Deposits in Oceania Continent

12.3.1 Australia

Central Australia, Western Australia

New South Wales, Queensland, Yorke Peninsula

All about Ignimbrite and Jasperoid Properties

Know all about Ignimbrite and Jasperoid properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Ignimbrite belongs to Igneous Rocks while Jasperoid belongs to Sedimentary Rocks.Texture of Ignimbrite is Aphanitic whereas that of Jasperoid is Earthy. Ignimbrite appears Dull, Vesicular and Foilated and Jasperoid appears Glassy or Pearly. The luster of Ignimbrite is vitreous to dull while that of Jasperoid is vitreous and pearly. Ignimbrite is available in beige, black, brown, grey, pink, white colors whereas Jasperoid is available in black, brown, colourless, green, grey, pink, white colors. The commercial uses of Ignimbrite are cemetery markers, commemorative tablets, creating artwork and that of Jasperoid are an oil and gas reservoir, as a feed additive for livestock, gemstone, metallurgical flux, production of lime, soil conditioner, source of magnesia (mgo).