Icelandite

Ignimbrite

Icelandite and Ignimbrite

Icelandite

Ignimbrite

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1 Definition

1.1 Definition

Icelandite belongs to volcanic igneous rocks which is rich in iron and belongs to andesite rock

Ignimbrite is a volcanic rock consisting mainly of pumice fragments, formed by the consolidation of material deposited by pyroclastic flows

1.2 History

1.2.1 Origin

Iceland

New Zealand

1.2.2 Discoverer

Ian S. E. Carmichael

Patrick Marshall

1.3 Etymology

From its origin place near Cenozoic volcano near the parsonage Þingmúli in East Iceland

From Latin ignis fire + imber, imbr- shower of rain, storm cloud + -ite

1.4 Class

Igneous Rocks

1.4.1 Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Hard Rock

Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock

1.5 Family

1.5.1 Group

Volcanic

1.6 Other Categories

Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

2 Texture

2.1 Texture

Aphanitic to Porphyritic

Aphanitic

2.2 Color

Bluish - Grey, Grey, Pink, Yellow

Beige, Black, Brown, Grey, Pink, White

2.3 Maintenance

2.4 Durability

Durable

2.4.1 Water Resistant

✔ ✘

2.4.2 Scratch Resistant

✔ ✘

2.4.3 Stain Resistant

✔ ✘

2.4.4 Wind Resistant

✔ ✘

2.4.5 Acid Resistant

✔ ✘

2.5 Appearance

Dull and Soft

Dull, Vesicular and Foilated

3 Uses

3.1 Architecture

3.1.1 Interior Uses

Decorative Aggregates, Floor Tiles, Homes, Interior Decoration, Kitchens

Decorative Aggregates, Floor Tiles, Homes, Interior Decoration

3.1.2 Exterior Uses

Office Buildings, Roof Tiles

As Building Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings, Paving Stone

3.1.3 Other Architectural Uses

Curbing

3.2 Industry

3.2.1 Construction Industry

Cobblestones, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate

Building houses or walls, Construction Aggregate

3.2.2 Medical Industry

Not Yet Used

3.3 Antiquity Uses

Artifacts, Jewellery, Sculpture, Small Figurines

Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines

3.4 Other Uses

3.4.1 Commercial Uses

Cemetery Markers, Creating Artwork

Cemetery Markers, Commemorative Tablets, Creating Artwork

4 Types

4.1 Types

Not Available

4.2 Features

Generally rough to touch, High silica content, Is one of the oldest rock

Always found as volcanic pipes over deep continental crust

4.3 Archaeological Significance

4.3.1 Monuments

Not Yet Used

Used

4.3.2 Famous Monuments

Not Applicable

Data Not Available

4.3.3 Sculpture

Used

4.3.4 Famous Sculptures

Data Not Available

4.3.5 Pictographs

Not Used

Used

4.3.6 Petroglyphs

Not Used

Used

4.3.7 Figurines

Used

4.4 Fossils

Absent

5 Formation

5.1 Formation

Icelandite is a fine-grained, hard rock which is a type of metasomatite, essentially altered basalt. It forms with or without crystallization, either below the surface as intrusive rocks or on the surface as extrusive rocks.

Ignimbrites are formed from very poorly sorted mixture of volcanic ash or tuff and pumice lapilli, commonly with scattered lithic fragments.

5.2 Composition

5.2.1 Mineral Content

Amphibole, Apatite, Biotite, Feldspar, Garnet, Hornblade, Ilmenite, Magnetite, Plagioclase, Pyroxene, Quartz, Zircon

Apatite, Biotite, Calcite, Chlorite, Feldspar, Hematite, Hornblade, Ilmenite, Magnetite, Olivine, Pyroxene, Quartz

5.2.2 Compound Content

Silicon Dioxide

Ca, NaCl

5.3 Transformation

5.3.1 Metamorphism

✔ ✘

5.3.2 Types of Metamorphism

Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Hydrothermal Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism

Burial Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Hydrothermal Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism

5.3.3 Weathering

✔ ✘

5.3.4 Types of Weathering

Biological Weathering

Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering

5.3.5 Erosion

✔ ✘

5.3.6 Types of Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion

6 Properties

6.1 Physical Properties

6.1.1 Hardness

74-6

1 7

6.1.2 Grain Size

Very fine-grained

Fine Grained

6.1.3 Fracture

Uneven

6.1.4 Streak

White

6.1.5 Porosity

Less Porous

Highly Porous

6.1.6 Luster

Vitreous

Vitreous to Dull

6.1.7 Compressive Strength

NA243.80 N/mm²

0.15 450

6.1.8 Cleavage

Not Available

6.1.9 Toughness

1.1

Not Available

6.1.10 Specific Gravity

2.5-2.82.73

0 8.4

6.1.11 Transparency

Opaque

6.1.12 Density

2.11-2.36 g/cm³1-1.8 g/cm³

0 1400

1.7 Thermal Properties

1.7.1 Specific Heat Capacity

2.39 kJ/Kg K0.20 kJ/Kg K

0.14 3.2

1.7.2 Resistance

Heat Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Scratch Resistant, Wear Resistant

Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant

2 Reserves

2.1 Deposits in Eastern Continents

2.1.1 Asia

India, Indonesia, Japan, Nepal, South Korea

Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nepal, North Korea, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam, Yemen

2.1.2 Africa

Egypt, Ethiopia, Morocco, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania

Cameroon, Cape Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, Madagascar, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda

2.1.3 Europe

Austria, Finland, Germany, Italy, Romania, Turkey, United Kingdom

France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, United Kingdom

2.1.4 Others

Not Yet Found

Antarctica, Hawaii Islands

2.2 Deposits in Western Continents

2.2.1 North America

Mexico, USA

Canada, Costa Rica, Panama, USA

2.2.2 South America

Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela

Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador

2.3 Deposits in Oceania Continent

2.3.1 Australia

New South Wales, New Zealand, Western Australia

Central Australia, Western Australia

All about Icelandite and Ignimbrite Properties

Know all about Icelandite and Ignimbrite properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Icelandite and Ignimbrite belong to Igneous Rocks.Texture of Icelandite is Aphanitic to Porphyritic whereas that of Ignimbrite is Aphanitic. Icelandite appears Dull and Soft and Ignimbrite appears Dull, Vesicular and Foilated. The luster of Icelandite is vitreous while that of Ignimbrite is vitreous to dull. Icelandite is available in bluish - grey, grey, pink, yellow colors whereas Ignimbrite is available in beige, black, brown, grey, pink, white colors. The commercial uses of Icelandite are cemetery markers, creating artwork and that of Ignimbrite are cemetery markers, commemorative tablets, creating artwork.