Icelandite

Chalk

Icelandite and Chalk

Icelandite

Chalk

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1 Definition

1.1 Definition

Icelandite belongs to volcanic igneous rocks which is rich in iron and belongs to andesite rock

Chalk is a soft, white, powdery limestone consisting mainly of fossil shells of foraminifers

1.2 History

1.2.1 Origin

Iceland

Unknown

1.2.2 Discoverer

Ian S. E. Carmichael

Unknown

1.3 Etymology

From its origin place near Cenozoic volcano near the parsonage Þingmúli in East Iceland

From old English cealc chalk, lime, plaster; pebble, from Greek khalix small pebble, in English transferred to the opaque, white, soft limestone

1.4 Class

Igneous Rocks

Sedimentary Rocks

2.1.1 Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Hard Rock

Durable Rock, Soft Rock

2.2 Family

2.2.1 Group

Volcanic

Not Applicable

2.3 Other Categories

Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

3 Texture

3.1 Texture

Aphanitic to Porphyritic

Clastic or Non-Clastic

3.2 Color

Bluish - Grey, Grey, Pink, Yellow

Grey, White, Yellow

3.3 Maintenance

Less

3.5 Durability

Durable

3.5.2 Water Resistant

✔ ✘

3.6.2 Scratch Resistant

✔ ✘

3.6.3 Stain Resistant

✔ ✘

3.6.4 Wind Resistant

✔ ✘

3.6.5 Acid Resistant

✔ ✘

3.7 Appearance

Dull and Soft

Soft

4 Uses

4.1 Architecture

4.1.1 Interior Uses

Decorative Aggregates, Floor Tiles, Homes, Interior Decoration, Kitchens

Decorative Aggregates, Homes, Interior Decoration

4.1.2 Exterior Uses

Office Buildings, Roof Tiles

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Paving Stone, Garden Decoration

4.1.3 Other Architectural Uses

Curbing

Powder

4.2 Industry

4.2.1 Construction Industry

Cobblestones, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate

As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, raw material for manufacture of quicklime and slaked lime, Source of calcium

4.2.2 Medical Industry

Not Yet Used

4.3 Antiquity Uses

Artifacts, Jewellery, Sculpture, Small Figurines

Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines

4.4 Other Uses

4.4.1 Commercial Uses

Cemetery Markers, Creating Artwork

Alumina Refineries, Creating Artwork, Drawing on blackboards, Gymnasts, athletes and mountain climbers use for grip, In aquifers, Paper Industry, Production of Lime, Raw material for manufacture of quicklime, slaked lime, Soil Conditioner, Whiting, Whiting material in toothpaste, paint and paper

5 Types

5.1 Types

Not Available

5.2 Features

Generally rough to touch, High silica content, Is one of the oldest rock

Clasts are smooth to touch, Is one of the oldest rock, Smooth to touch, Very fine grained rock

5.3 Archaeological Significance

5.3.1 Monuments

Not Yet Used

Used

5.3.2 Famous Monuments

Not Applicable

Data Not Available

5.3.3 Sculpture

Used

5.3.4 Famous Sculptures

Data Not Available

5.3.5 Pictographs

Not Used

Used

5.3.6 Petroglyphs

Not Used

Used

5.3.7 Figurines

Used

5.4 Fossils

Absent

Present

6 Formation

6.1 Formation

Icelandite is a fine-grained, hard rock which is a type of metasomatite, essentially altered basalt. It forms with or without crystallization, either below the surface as intrusive rocks or on the surface as extrusive rocks.

Chalk is formed from lime mud, which accumulates on the sea floor which is then transformed into rock by geological processes.

6.2 Composition

6.2.1 Mineral Content

Amphibole, Apatite, Biotite, Feldspar, Garnet, Hornblade, Ilmenite, Magnetite, Plagioclase, Pyroxene, Quartz, Zircon

Calcite, Clay, Clay Minerals, Quartz, Sand

6.2.2 Compound Content

Silicon Dioxide

Ca, NaCl, CaO

6.3 Transformation

6.3.1 Metamorphism

✔ ✘

6.3.2 Types of Metamorphism

Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Hydrothermal Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism

Not Applicable

6.3.3 Weathering

✔ ✘

6.3.4 Types of Weathering

Biological Weathering

Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering

6.3.5 Erosion

✔ ✘

6.3.6 Types of Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Water Erosion

7 Properties

7.1 Physical Properties

7.1.1 Hardness

1 7

7.1.2 Grain Size

Very fine-grained

7.1.3 Fracture

Uneven

Not Available

7.1.4 Streak

White

7.1.5 Porosity

Less Porous

Highly Porous

7.1.6 Luster

Vitreous

Dull

7.1.7 Compressive Strength

NANA

0.15 450

7.1.8 Cleavage

Not Available

Non-Existent

7.1.9 Toughness

1.1

7.1.10 Specific Gravity

2.5-2.82.3-2.4

0 8.4

7.1.11 Transparency

Opaque

7.1.12 Density

2.11-2.36 g/cm³2.49-2.50 g/cm³

0 1400

7.2 Thermal Properties

7.2.1 Specific Heat Capacity

2.39 kJ/Kg K0.90 kJ/Kg K

0.14 3.2

7.2.2 Resistance

Heat Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Scratch Resistant, Wear Resistant

Heat Resistant

8 Reserves

8.1 Deposits in Eastern Continents

8.1.1 Asia

India, Indonesia, Japan, Nepal, South Korea

Brunei, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam

8.1.2 Africa

Egypt, Ethiopia, Morocco, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania

Cameroon, Chad, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Zambia, Zimbabwe

8.1.3 Europe

Austria, Finland, Germany, Italy, Romania, Turkey, United Kingdom

England, France, Germany, Spain, United Kingdom

8.1.4 Others

Not Yet Found

8.2 Deposits in Western Continents

8.2.1 North America

Mexico, USA

Canada, USA

8.2.2 South America

Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela

Colombia

8.3 Deposits in Oceania Continent

8.3.1 Australia

New South Wales, New Zealand, Western Australia

Adelaide, New Zealand, Queensland, Tonga, Victoria, Yorke Peninsula

All about Icelandite and Chalk Properties

Know all about Icelandite and Chalk properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Icelandite belongs to Igneous Rocks while Chalk belongs to Sedimentary Rocks.Texture of Icelandite is Aphanitic to Porphyritic whereas that of Chalk is Clastic or Non-Clastic. Icelandite appears Dull and Soft and Chalk appears Soft. The luster of Icelandite is vitreous while that of Chalk is dull. Icelandite is available in bluish - grey, grey, pink, yellow colors whereas Chalk is available in grey, white, yellow colors. The commercial uses of Icelandite are cemetery markers, creating artwork and that of Chalk are alumina refineries, creating artwork, drawing on blackboards, gymnasts, athletes and mountain climbers use for grip, in aquifers, paper industry, production of lime, raw material for manufacture of quicklime, slaked lime, soil conditioner, whiting, whiting material in toothpaste, paint and paper.