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Gossan and Greywacke


Greywacke and Gossan


Definition

Definition
Gossan is intensely oxidized, weathered or decomposed rock, usually the upper and exposed part of an ore deposit or mineral vein.  
Greywacke is defined as a dark coarse-grained sandstone rock which contains more than 15 per cent clay  

History
  
  

Origin
Indonesia  
-  

Discoverer
Cornish Gossen  
Unknown  

Etymology
From Cornish gossen from gos, blood from Old Cornish guit  
From German Grauwacke, from grau grey + wacke  

Class
Metamorphic Rocks  
Sedimentary Rocks  

Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock  
Durable Rock, Hard Rock  

Family
  
  

Group
-  
-  

Other Categories
Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock  
Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock  

Texture

Texture
Rough, Sandy  
Clastic  

Color
Brown, Brown- Black, Gold, Green, Rust  
Beige, Black, Brown, Cream, Dark Brown, Green, Grey, Light Green, Light to Dark Grey, Pink, Red, White, Yellow  

Maintenance
Less  
Less  

Durability
Durable  
Durable  

Water Resistant
Yes  
Yes  

Scratch Resistant
Yes  
Yes  

Stain Resistant
Yes  
Yes  

Wind Resistant
No  
Yes  

Acid Resistant
No  
No  

Appearance
Dull and Banded  
Dull  

Uses

Architecture
  
  

Interior Uses
Countertops, Decorative Aggregates, Interior Decoration  
Decorative Aggregates, Floor Tiles, Flooring, Homes, Interior Decoration  

Exterior Uses
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Paving Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings  
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings, Paving Stone  

Other Architectural Uses
Curbing  
Curbing, Whetstones  

Industry
  
  

Construction Industry
As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate  
Building houses or walls, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Raw material for the manufacture of mortar  

Medical Industry
-  
-  

Antiquity Uses
Artifacts  
Artifacts, Sculpture, Small Figurines  

Other Uses
  
  

Commercial Uses
Cemetery Markers, Commemorative Tablets, Gemstone  
As armour rock for sea walls, Petroleum reservoirs, Sea Defence, Tombstones  

Types

Types
Translocated gossan and Leakage gossan  
Greywacke  

Features
Clasts are smooth to touch, Easily splits into thin plates  
Available in Lots of Colors and Patterns, Generally rough to touch, Non-vesicular, Veined  

Archaeological Significance
  
  

Monuments
-  
-  

Famous Monuments
-  
-  

Sculpture
-  
-  

Famous Sculptures
-  
-  

Pictographs
-  
-  

Petroglyphs
-  
-  

Figurines
-  
-  

Fossils
Absent  
Present  

Formation

Formation
Earth movements can cause rocks to be either deeply buried or squeezed and hence the rocks are heated and put under great pressure.   
Graywacke rock is a type of sedimentary rock, which is also known as immature sandstone, which is indurated, dark grey and consisting of poorly sorted angular to sub-angular, sand-sized grains.  

Composition
  
  

Mineral Content
Apatite, Augite, Biotite, Bronzite, Calcite, Chert, Epidote, Feldspar, Hornblende, Micas, Plagioclase, Pyroxene, Quartz, Sulfides, Zircon  
Augite, Biotite, Calcite, Chlorite, Clay, Clay Minerals, Feldspar, Micas, Muscovite or Illite, Plagioclase, Pyroxene, Quartz  

Compound Content
Aluminium Oxide, CaO, Fe, FeO, Silicon Dioxide, Sulphur  
Aluminium Oxide, NaCl, CaO, Chromium(III) Oxide, Iron(III) Oxide, FeO, Potassium Oxide, Magnesium Carbonate, MgO, MnO, Sodium Oxide, Phosphorus Pentoxide, Silicon Dioxide, Titanium Dioxide  

Transformation
  
  

Metamorphism
No  
No  

Types of Metamorphism
-  
-  

Weathering
No  
Yes  

Types of Weathering
-  
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering  

Erosion
Yes  
Yes  

Types of Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Sea Erosion, Wind Erosion  
Coastal Erosion, Sea Erosion, Wind Erosion  

Properties

Physical Properties
  
  

Hardness
4-5  
6-7  

Grain Size
Fine to Medium Grained  
Angular and Fine  

Fracture
Conchoidal  
Conchoidal  

Streak
White to Grey  
White  

Porosity
Highly Porous  
Highly Porous  

Luster
Metallic  
Dull  

Compressive Strength
-  
120.00 N/mm2  
26

Cleavage
-  
Perfect  

Toughness
-  
2.6  

Specific Gravity
2.0  
2.2-2.8  

Transparency
Opaque  
Opaque  

Density
-9999 g/cm3  
2.6-2.61 g/cm3  

Thermal Properties
  
  

Specific Heat Capacity
0.24 kJ/Kg K  
31
0.71 kJ/Kg K  
23

Resistance
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant  
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant  

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents
  
  

Asia
China, India, Indonesia, Russia, Singapore, South Korea  
China, India, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia, Uzbekistan  

Africa
Cape Verde, Ethiopia, Ghana, South Africa, Western Africa  
Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa  

Europe
Albania, France, Germany, Great Britain, United Kingdom  
Austria, Denmark, Germany, Great Britain, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom  

Others
-  
Greenland  

Deposits in Western Continents
  
  

North America
Canada, USA  
Canada, USA  

South America
Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador  
Brazil  

Deposits in Oceania Continent
  
  

Australia
New South Wales, South Australia, Western Australia  
New South Wales, New Zealand  

Summary >>
<< Reserves

All about Gossan and Greywacke Properties

Know all about Gossan and Greywacke properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Gossan belongs to Metamorphic Rocks while Greywacke belongs to Sedimentary Rocks.Texture of Gossan is Rough, Sandy whereas that of Greywacke is Clastic. Gossan appears Dull and Banded and Greywacke appears Dull. The luster of Gossan is metallic while that of Greywacke is dull. Gossan is available in brown, brown- black, gold, green, rust colors whereas Greywacke is available in beige, black, brown, cream, dark brown, green, grey, light green, light to dark grey, pink, red, white, yellow colors. The commercial uses of Gossan are cemetery markers, commemorative tablets, gemstone and that of Greywacke are as armour rock for sea walls, petroleum reservoirs, sea defence, tombstones.

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