Gossan and Anthracite
Definition
Definition
Gossan is intensely oxidized, weathered or decomposed rock, usually the upper and exposed part of an ore deposit or mineral vein.
Anthracite is a type of sedimentary rock which is hard and is variety of coal that has high luster
History
Origin
Indonesia
Pennsylvania, U.S.
Discoverer
Cornish Gossen
Unknown
Etymology
From Cornish gossen from gos, blood from Old Cornish guit
From Greek anthrakites, from anthrax, anthrak meaning coal
Class
Metamorphic Rocks
Metamorphic Rocks
Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock
Durable Rock, Soft Rock
Family
Group
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Other Categories
Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
Texture
Texture
Rough, Sandy
Amorphous, Glassy
Color
Brown, Brown- Black, Gold, Green, Rust
Black, Brown, Dark Brown, Grey, Light to Dark Grey
Maintenance
Less
Less
Durability
Durable
Durable
Water Resistant
Yes
No
Scratch Resistant
Yes
No
Stain Resistant
Yes
No
Wind Resistant
No
No
Acid Resistant
No
No
Appearance
Dull and Banded
Veined or Pebbled
Uses
Architecture
Interior Uses
Countertops, Decorative Aggregates, Interior Decoration
Not Yet Used
Exterior Uses
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Paving Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings
Not Yet Used
Other Architectural Uses
Curbing
Not Yet Used
Industry
Construction Industry
As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate
Cement Manufacture, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, Steel Production
Medical Industry
Not Yet Used
In Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industry, Manufacture of Aspirins
Antiquity Uses
Artifacts
Not Yet Used
Other Uses
Commercial Uses
Cemetery Markers, Commemorative Tablets, Gemstone
Alumina Refineries, Electricity Generation, Liquid Fuel, Manufacture of Soap, Solvents, Dyes, Plastics and Fibres, Paper Industry
Types
Types
Translocated gossan and Leakage gossan
Semi-anthracite and Meta-anthracite
Features
Clasts are smooth to touch, Easily splits into thin plates
Helps in production of Heat and Electricity, Used as fossil fuel
Archaeological Significance
Monuments
Not Yet Used
Not Yet Used
Famous Monuments
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Sculpture
Not Yet Used
Not Yet Used
Famous Sculptures
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Pictographs
Used
Used
Petroglyphs
Used
Used
Figurines
Not Yet Used
Not Yet Used
Fossils
Absent
Absent
Formation
Formation
Earth movements can cause rocks to be either deeply buried or squeezed and hence the rocks are heated and put under great pressure.
Anthracite forms from the accumulation of plant debris in a swamp environment. When plant debris dies and falls into the swamp, the standing water of the swamp protects it from decay.
Composition
Mineral Content
Apatite, Augite, Biotite, Bronzite, Calcite, Chert, Epidote, Feldspar, Hornblende, Micas, Plagioclase, Pyroxene, Quartz, Sulfides, Zircon
Calcite, Clay, Clay Minerals
Compound Content
Aluminium Oxide, CaO, Fe, FeO, Silicon Dioxide, Sulphur
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulphur
Transformation
Metamorphism
No
Yes
Types of Metamorphism
Not Applicable
Burial Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism
Weathering
No
No
Types of Weathering
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Erosion
Yes
No
Types of Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Sea Erosion, Wind Erosion
Not Applicable
Properties
Physical Properties
Hardness
4-5
1-1.5
Grain Size
Fine to Medium Grained
Medium to Fine Coarse Grained
Fracture
Conchoidal
Conchoidal
Streak
White to Grey
Black
Porosity
Highly Porous
Less Porous
Luster
Metallic
Shiny
Cleavage
Not Available
Non-Existent
Toughness
Not Available
Not Available
Specific Gravity
2.0
1.1-1.4
Transparency
Opaque
Opaque
Density
Not Available
1.25-2.5 g/cm3
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat Capacity
0.24 kJ/Kg K
24
1.32 kJ/Kg K
4
Resistance
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant
Heat Resistant, Water Resistant
Reserves
Deposits in Eastern Continents
Asia
China, India, Indonesia, Russia, Singapore, South Korea
Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Pakistan, Turkey, Vietnam
Africa
Cape Verde, Ethiopia, Ghana, South Africa, Western Africa
Botswana, Kenya, Morocco, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania
Europe
Albania, France, Germany, Great Britain, United Kingdom
Belgium, Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Kosovo, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, The Czech Republic, Ukraine, United Kingdom
Others
Not Yet Found
Not Yet Found
Deposits in Western Continents
North America
Canada, USA
Canada, Mexico, USA
South America
Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador
Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela
Deposits in Oceania Continent
Australia
New South Wales, South Australia, Western Australia
New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria
All about Gossan and Anthracite Properties
Know all about Gossan and Anthracite properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Gossan and Anthracite belong to Metamorphic Rocks.Texture of Gossan is Rough, Sandy whereas that of Anthracite is Amorphous, Glassy. Gossan appears Dull and Banded and Anthracite appears Veined or Pebbled. The luster of Gossan is metallic while that of Anthracite is shiny. Gossan is available in brown, brown- black, gold, green, rust colors whereas Anthracite is available in black, brown, dark brown, grey, light to dark grey colors. The commercial uses of Gossan are cemetery markers, commemorative tablets, gemstone and that of Anthracite are alumina refineries, electricity generation, liquid fuel, manufacture of soap, solvents, dyes, plastics and fibres, paper industry.
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