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Gabbro
Gabbro

Kimberlite
Kimberlite



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Gabbro vs Kimberlite

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Definition

Definition

Gabbro is an intrusive igneous rock which is chemically equivalent to plutonic Basalt
Kimberlite is a rare, blue-tinged, coarse-grained intrusive igneous rock, which sometimes contains diamonds and is mostly found in South Africa and Siberia.

History

Origin

Germany
Kimberley, South Africa

Discoverer

Christian Leopold von Buch
John W. Judd

Etymology

From Latin glaber bare, smooth, bald
From Kimberley +‎ -ite, from the name of the South African town of Kimberley where the rock was first found.

Class

Igneous Rocks
Igneous Rocks

Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Hard Rock
Durable Rock, Hard Rock

Family

Group

Plutonic
Volcanic

Other Categories

Coarse Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Texture

Texture

Phaneritic
Porphyritic

Color

Dark Grey to Black
Black, Bluish - Grey, Brown, Dark Greenish - Grey, Green, Grey

Maintenance

Less
Less

Durability

Durable
Durable

Water Resistant

Scratch Resistant

Stain Resistant

Wind Resistant

Acid Resistant

Appearance

Veined and Shiny
Dull and Banded

Uses

Architecture

Interior Uses

Countertops, Decorative Aggregates, Homes, Interior Decoration
Countertops, Decorative Aggregates, Homes, Interior Decoration

Exterior Uses

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings, Paving Stone
As Building Stone, Paving Stone, Garden Decoration

Other Architectural Uses

Curbing
Curbing

Industry

Construction Industry

As Dimension Stone, Building houses or walls, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate
As a Flux in the Production of Steel and Pig Iron, As a Sintering Agent in Steel Industry to process Iron Ore, As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, Manufacture of Magnesium and Dolomite Refractories

Medical Industry

-
Taken as a Supplement for Calcium or Magnesium

Antiquity Uses

Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture
Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines

Other Uses

Commercial Uses

Cemetery Markers, Commemorative Tablets, Laboratory bench tops, Jewelry, Sea Defence, Tombstones
An Oil and Gas Reservoir, As a Feed Additive for Livestock, Gemstone, Metallurgical Flux, Production of Lime, Soil Conditioner, Source of Magnesia (MgO)

Types

Types

Anorthosite Gabbro and Norite Gabbro
Basaltic Kimberlites and Micaceous Kimberlites

Features

Smooth to touch
Always found as volcanic pipes over deep continental crust, Host rock for Diamond, Is one of the oldest rock, Surfaces are often shiny

Archaeological Significance

Monuments

-
-

Famous Monuments

-
-

Sculpture

-
-

Famous Sculptures

-
-

Pictographs

-
-

Petroglyphs

-
-

Figurines

-
-

Fossils

Absent
Absent

Formation

Formation

Gabbro, a mafic rock, forms due to cooling and crystallization of magma underneath Earth's surface.
Kimberlite is an igneous rock and is the main source of diamonds. Its formation takes place deep beneath the Earth’s surface between 150 to 450 kilometres, and are erupted rapidly and violently.

Composition

Mineral Content

Augite, Olivine, Plagioclase, Pyroxene
Garnet, Olivine, Phlogopite, Pyroxene

Compound Content

Aluminium Oxide, CaO, Chromium(III) Oxide, Iron(III) Oxide, Potassium Oxide, MgO, Sodium Oxide, Silicon Dioxide, Sulfur Trioxide
Aluminium Oxide, NaCl, CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, FeO, Potassium Oxide, MgO, MnO, Sodium Oxide, Silicon Dioxide, Titanium Dioxide

Transformation

Metamorphism

Types of Metamorphism

Impact Metamorphism
Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Hydrothermal Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism

Weathering

Types of Weathering

Chemical Weathering
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering

Erosion

Types of Erosion

Coastal Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion

Properties

Physical Properties

Hardness

76-7
1 7
👆🏻

Grain Size

Coarse Grained
Fine to Coarse Grained

Fracture

Conchoidal
Conchoidal

Streak

Black
White

Porosity

Highly Porous
Very Less Porous

Luster

-
Subvitreous to Dull

Compressive Strength

225.00 N/mm2260.00 N/mm2
0.15 450
👆🏻

Cleavage

-
Conchoidal

Toughness

1.6
-

Specific Gravity

2.86-2.872.86-2.87
0 8.4
👆🏻

Transparency

Opaque
Translucent to Opaque

Density

2.7-3.3 g/cm32.95-2.96 g/cm3
0 1400
👆🏻

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat Capacity

0.71 kJ/Kg K0.92 kJ/Kg K
0.14 3.2
👆🏻

Resistance

Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents

Asia

India, Russia
Russia

Africa

South Africa
Angola, Botswana, Cameroon, Ethiopia, South Africa

Europe

Germany, Greece, Italy, Scotland, Turkey
England, Hungary, Iceland, United Kingdom

Others

Greenland
Antarctica

Deposits in Western Continents

North America

Canada, USA
Canada, USA

South America

Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela
Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador

Deposits in Oceania Continent

Australia

New Zealand, Queensland
New South Wales, New Zealand, South Australia, Western Australia

Gabbro vs Kimberlite Information

Earth’s outer layer is covered by rocks and these rocks have different physical and chemical properties. As two rocks are not same, it’s fun to compare them. You can also know more about Gabbro and Kimberlite Reserves. Gabbro is an intrusive igneous rock which is chemically equivalent to plutonic Basalt. Kimberlite is a rare, blue-tinged, coarse-grained intrusive igneous rock, which sometimes contains diamonds and is mostly found in South Africa and Siberia.. These rocks are composed of many distinct minerals. The process of formation of rocks is different for various rocks. Rocks are quarried from many years for various purposes. You can check out Gabbro vs Kimberlite information and Gabbro vs Kimberlite characteristics in the upcoming sections.

Gabbro vs Kimberlite Characteristics

Though some rocks look identical, they have certain characteristics which distinguish them from others. Characteristics of rocks include texture, appearance, color, fracture, streak, hardness etc. Gabbro vs Kimberlite characteristics assist us to distinguish and recognize rocks. Also you can check about Properties of Gabbro and Properties of Kimberlite. Learn more about Gabbro vs Kimberlite in the next section. The interior uses of Gabbro include Countertops, Decorative aggregates, Homes and Interior decoration whereas the interior uses of Kimberlite include Countertops, Decorative aggregates, Homes and Interior decoration. Due to some exceptional properties of Gabbro and Kimberlite, they have various applications in construction industry. The uses of Gabbro in construction industry include As dimension stone, Building houses or walls, Cement manufacture, Construction aggregate, For road aggregate and that of Kimberlite include As a flux in the production of steel and pig iron, As a sintering agent in steel industry to process iron ore, As dimension stone, Cement manufacture, For road aggregate, Making natural cement, Manufacture of magnesium and dolomite refractories.

More about Gabbro and Kimberlite

Here you can know more about Gabbro and Kimberlite. The life cycle of a rock consists of formation of rock, composition of rock and transformation of rock. The composition of Gabbro and Kimberlite consists of mineral content and compound content. The mineral content of Gabbro includes Augite, Olivine, Plagioclase, Pyroxene and mineral content of Kimberlite includes Garnet, Olivine, Phlogopite, Pyroxene. You can also check out the list of all Igneous Rocks. When we have to compare Gabbro vs Kimberlite, the texture, color and appearance plays an important role in determining the type of rock. Gabbro is available in dark grey to black colors whereas, Kimberlite is available in black, bluish - grey, brown, dark greenish - grey, green, grey colors. Appearance of Gabbro is Veined and Shiny and that of Kimberlite is Dull and Banded. Properties of rock is another aspect for Gabbro vs Kimberlite. The hardness of Gabbro is 7 and that of Kimberlite is 6-7. The types of Gabbro are Anorthosite Gabbro and Norite Gabbro whereas types of Kimberlite are Basaltic Kimberlites and Micaceous Kimberlites. Streak of rock is the color of powder produced when it is dragged across an unweathered surface. The streak of Gabbro is black while that of Kimberlite is white. The specific heat capacity of Gabbro is 0.71 kJ/Kg K and that of Kimberlite is 0.92 kJ/Kg K. Depending on the properties like hardness, toughness, specific heat capacity, porosity etc., rocks are resistant to heat, wear, impact, etc.Gabbro is impact resistant, pressure resistant, wear resistant whereas Kimberlite is heat resistant, impact resistant.