Flint

Slate

Flint and Slate

Flint

Slate

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1 Definition

1.1 Definition

Flint is a hard type of sedimentary rock that produces a small piece of burning material when hit by steel

Slate is a fine-grained, foliated, homogeneous metamorphic rock derived from an original shale-type sedimentary rock composed of clay or volcanic ash through low-grade regional metamorphism

1.2 History

1.2.1 Origin

Unknown

England

1.2.2 Discoverer

Unknown

1.3 Etymology

From Old English flint - a type of rock mainly known for high hardness and for giving off sparks when struck

From Old French esclate, from esclat (French éclat)

1.4 Class

Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphic Rocks

1.4.1 Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Hard Rock

Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock

1.5 Family

1.5.1 Group

Not Applicable

1.6 Other Categories

Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

2 Texture

2.1 Texture

Banded, Rough

Foliated

2.2 Color

Black, Brown, Green, Grey, Red, White

Black, Brown, Buff, Green, Light to Dark Grey, Purple, Red, Shades of Blue

2.3 Maintenance

Less

2.4 Durability

Durable

2.4.1 Water Resistant

✔ ✘

2.4.2 Scratch Resistant

✔ ✘

2.4.3 Stain Resistant

✔ ✘

2.4.4 Wind Resistant

✔ ✘

2.4.5 Acid Resistant

✔ ✘

2.5 Appearance

Glassy or Pearly

Dull

3 Uses

3.1 Architecture

3.1.1 Interior Uses

Decorative Aggregates, Homes, Interior Decoration

Bathrooms, Decorative Aggregates, Entryways, Floor Tiles, Flooring, Homes, Hotels, Interior Decoration, Kitchens, Stair Treads

3.1.2 Exterior Uses

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings, Paving Stone

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Paving Stone

3.1.3 Other Architectural Uses

Curbing

3.2 Industry

3.2.1 Construction Industry

Arrowheads, Cutting Tool, Spear Points

As Dimension Stone

3.2.2 Medical Industry

Not Yet Used

3.3 Antiquity Uses

Artifacts

Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines

3.4 Other Uses

3.4.1 Commercial Uses

Creating Artwork, Gemstone, In fire-starting tools, Manufacture of tools, Metallurgical Flux, Jewelry, To ignite fire, Used in flintlock firearms

Blackboards, Commemorative Tablets, Laboratory bench tops, Standard material for the bed of Billiard table, Standard material for the beds of Pool and Snooker table, Tombstones, Used in aquariums, Writing Slates

4 Types

4.1 Types

Not Available

4.2 Features

Clasts are smooth to touch, Easily splits into thin plates, Has High structural resistance against erosion and climate

Easily splits into thin plates, Surfaces are often shiny, Very fine grained rock

4.3 Archaeological Significance

4.3.1 Monuments

Not Yet Used

Used

4.3.2 Famous Monuments

Not Applicable

Data Not Available

4.3.3 Sculpture

Not Yet Used

Used

4.3.4 Famous Sculptures

Not Applicable

Data Not Available

4.3.5 Pictographs

Not Used

Used

4.3.6 Petroglyphs

Not Used

Used

4.3.7 Figurines

Not Yet Used

Used

4.4 Fossils

Present

Absent

5 Formation

5.1 Formation

Flint is formed by the decomposition and compaction of various organisms such as sponges and diatoms under the water.

Slate is a low grade metamorphic rock that is generally formed by metamorphosis of mudstone or shale, under relatively low pressure and temperature conditions.

5.2 Composition

5.2.1 Mineral Content

Silicon

Apatite, Biotite, Chlorite, Feldspar, Graphite, Hematite, Kaolinite, Magnetite, Pyrite, Tourmaline, Zircon

5.2.2 Compound Content

Silicon Dioxide

Aluminium Oxide, CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, Potassium Oxide, MgO, Sodium Oxide, Silicon Dioxide, Titanium Dioxide

5.3 Transformation

5.3.1 Metamorphism

✔ ✘

5.3.2 Types of Metamorphism

Not Applicable

Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism

5.3.3 Weathering

✔ ✘

1.1.1 Types of Weathering

Not Applicable

Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering

1.2.2 Erosion

✔ ✘

1.2.3 Types of Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Water Erosion

Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion

2 Properties

2.1 Physical Properties

2.1.1 Hardness

73-4

1 7

3.4.4 Grain Size

Very fine-grained

3.4.5 Fracture

Conchoidal

Splintery

3.4.7 Streak

White

Light to dark brown

3.4.8 Porosity

Highly Porous

Less Porous

3.4.9 Luster

Vitreous

Dull

3.4.10 Compressive Strength

450.00 N/mm²30.00 N/mm²

0.15 450

5.4.1 Cleavage

Non-Existent

Slaty

6.1.1 Toughness

1.5

1.2

6.1.2 Specific Gravity

2.5-2.82.65-2.8

0 8.4

7.1.2 Transparency

Translucent to Opaque

Opaque

7.1.3 Density

2.7-2.71 g/cm³2.6-2.8 g/cm³

0 1400

7.2 Thermal Properties

7.2.1 Specific Heat Capacity

0.74 kJ/Kg K0.76 kJ/Kg K

0.14 3.2

7.2.5 Resistance

Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant

8 Reserves

8.1 Deposits in Eastern Continents

8.1.1 Asia

Azerbaijan, China, Russia

China, India, Turkey

8.1.2 Africa

Not Yet Found

8.1.3 Europe

Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom

Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Norway, Portugal, Spain, United Kingdom

8.1.4 Others

Not Yet Found

Arctic

8.2 Deposits in Western Continents

8.2.1 North America

USA

8.2.2 South America

Bolivia

Brazil

8.3 Deposits in Oceania Continent

8.3.1 Australia

New Zealand, South Australia

Not Yet Found

All about Flint and Slate Properties

Know all about Flint and Slate properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Flint belongs to Sedimentary Rocks while Slate belongs to Metamorphic Rocks.Texture of Flint is Banded, Rough whereas that of Slate is Foliated. Flint appears Glassy or Pearly and Slate appears Dull. The luster of Flint is vitreous while that of Slate is dull. Flint is available in black, brown, green, grey, red, white colors whereas Slate is available in black, brown, buff, green, light to dark grey, purple, red, shades of blue colors. The commercial uses of Flint are creating artwork, gemstone, in fire-starting tools, manufacture of tools, metallurgical flux, jewelry, to ignite fire, used in flintlock firearms and that of Slate are blackboards, commemorative tablets, laboratory bench tops, standard material for the bed of billiard table, standard material for the beds of pool and snooker table, tombstones, used in aquariums, writing slates.