Definition
Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers called coal beds
  
A sedimentary rock, deposit of a submarine turbidity currents and are composed of layered particles
  
History
  
  
Origin
USA
  
European Foreland Basins
  
Discoverer
John Peter Salley
  
Arnold H. Bouma
  
Etymology
From the Old English term col, which has meant mineral of fossilized carbon since the 13th century
  
From Medieval Latin turbiditas, from Latin turbidus (turbid). Turbidity current is from 1939
  
Class
Sedimentary Rocks
  
Sedimentary Rocks
  
Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Soft Rock
  
Durable Rock, Soft Rock
  
Family
  
  
Group
Not Applicable
  
Not Applicable
  
Other Categories
Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
  
Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
  
Texture
Amorphous, Glassy
  
Mud-rich, Sandy
  
Color
Black, Brown, Dark Brown, Grey, Light to Dark Grey
  
Black, Brown, Colourless, Green, Grey, Pink
  
Maintenance
Less
  
Less
  
Durability
Durable
  
Durable
  
Water Resistant
No
  
Yes
  
Scratch Resistant
No
  
Yes
  
Stain Resistant
No
  
No
  
Wind Resistant
No
  
Yes
  
Acid Resistant
No
  
No
  
Appearance
Veined or Pebbled
  
Dull and Banded
  
Architecture
  
  
Interior Uses
Not Yet Used
  
Bathrooms, Countertops, Decorative Aggregates, Flooring, Homes, Interior Decoration
  
Exterior Uses
Not Yet Used
  
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Paving Stone, Garden Decoration
  
Other Architectural Uses
Not Yet Used
  
Curbing
  
Industry
  
  
Construction Industry
Cement Manufacture, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, Steel Production
  
As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement
  
Medical Industry
Not Yet Used
  
Not Yet Used
  
Antiquity Uses
Artifacts
  
Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture
  
Other Uses
  
  
Commercial Uses
Alumina Refineries, Electricity Generation, Liquid Fuel, Manufacture of Soap, Solvents, Dyes, Plastics and Fibres, Paper Industry
  
Cemetery Markers, Creating Artwork
  
Types
Peat, Lignite, Sub-Bituminous Coal, Bituminous Coal, Anthracite, Graphite
  
Not Available
  
Features
Helps in production of Heat and Electricity, Used as fossil fuel
  
High silica content, Host Rock for Lead
  
Archaeological Significance
  
  
Monuments
Not Yet Used
  
Used
  
Famous Monuments
Not Applicable
  
Data Not Available
  
Sculpture
Not Yet Used
  
Used
  
Famous Sculptures
Not Applicable
  
Data Not Available
  
Pictographs
Not Used
  
Used
  
Petroglyphs
Not Used
  
Used
  
Figurines
Not Yet Used
  
Used
  
Fossils
Present
  
Present
  
Formation
Coal forms from the accumulation of plant debris in a swamp environment which is buried by sediments such as mud or sand and then compacted to form coal.
  
Turbidite is a type of sedimentary rock formed when a river carries or transports pieces of broken rock as it flows. These particles then settle down and are subjected to high temperature and pressures hence forming Turbidite.
  
Composition
  
  
Mineral Content
Analcime, Apatite, Barite, Calcite, Chalcopyrite, Chlorite, Chromite, Clausthalite, Clay Minerals, Crandallite Group, Dolomite, Feldspar, Galena, Gypsum, Marcasite, Muscovite or Illite, Pyrite, Quartz, Siderite, Sphalerite, Zircon
  
Coesite, Quartz, Sand
  
Compound Content
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulphur
  
CaO, Carbon Dioxide, MgO
  
Transformation
  
  
Metamorphism
Yes
  
No
  
Types of Metamorphism
Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism
  
Not Applicable
  
Weathering
No
  
Yes
  
Types of Weathering
Not Applicable
  
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering
  
Erosion
No
  
Yes
  
Types of Erosion
Not Applicable
  
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion
  
Physical Properties
  
  
Hardness
1-1.5
  
3
  
Grain Size
Medium to Fine Coarse Grained
  
Fine to Coarse Grained
  
Fracture
Conchoidal
  
Splintery
  
Streak
Black
  
White, Greenish White or Grey
  
Porosity
Less Porous
  
Very Less Porous
  
Luster
Dull to Vitreous to Submetallic
  
Metallic
  
Compressive Strength
Not Available
  
200.00 N/mm
2
  
10
Cleavage
Non-Existent
  
Disjunctive
  
Toughness
Not Available
  
2.4
  
Specific Gravity
1.1-1.4
  
2.46-2.73
  
Transparency
Opaque
  
Opaque
  
Density
1100-1400 g/cm3
  
1.6-2.5 g/cm3
  
Thermal Properties
  
  
Specific Heat Capacity
1.32 kJ/Kg K
  
4
0.92 kJ/Kg K
  
10
Resistance
Heat Resistant
  
Heat Resistant
  
Deposits in Eastern Continents
  
  
Asia
Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Pakistan, Turkey, Vietnam
  
Not Yet Found
  
Africa
Botswana, Kenya, Morocco, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania
  
Western Africa
  
Europe
Belgium, Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Kosovo, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, The Czech Republic, Ukraine, United Kingdom
  
Austria, Belarus, Romania, Switzerland, United Kingdom
  
Others
Not Yet Found
  
Not Yet Found
  
Deposits in Western Continents
  
  
North America
Canada, Mexico, USA
  
Canada, USA
  
South America
Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela
  
Brazil, Colombia
  
Deposits in Oceania Continent
  
  
Australia
New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria
  
New Zealand, Western Australia