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Coal and Tuff


Tuff and Coal


Definition

Definition
Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers called coal beds  
Tuff is a type of rock made of volcanic ash ejected from a vent during a volcanic eruption  

History
  
  

Origin
USA  
Italy  

Discoverer
John Peter Salley  
Unknown  

Etymology
From the Old English term col, which has meant mineral of fossilized carbon since the 13th century  
From a Latin word tophous then in Italian tufo and finally tuff  

Class
Sedimentary Rocks  
Igneous Rocks  

Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Soft Rock  
Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock  

Family
  
  

Group
Not Applicable  
Volcanic  

Other Categories
Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock  
Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock  

Texture

Texture
Amorphous, Glassy  
Clastic, Pyroclastic  

Color
Black, Brown, Dark Brown, Grey, Light to Dark Grey  
Brown, Grey, Yellow  

Maintenance
Less  
More  

Durability
Durable  
Durable  

Water Resistant
No  
Yes  

Scratch Resistant
No  
Yes  

Stain Resistant
No  
No  

Wind Resistant
No  
No  

Acid Resistant
No  
No  

Appearance
Veined or Pebbled  
Dull, Vesicular and Foilated  

Uses

Architecture
  
  

Interior Uses
Not Yet Used  
Decorative Aggregates, Entryways, Flooring, Homes, Interior Decoration  

Exterior Uses
Not Yet Used  
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings, Paving Stone  

Other Architectural Uses
Not Yet Used  
Curbing  

Industry
  
  

Construction Industry
Cement Manufacture, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, Steel Production  
Building houses or walls, Construction Aggregate  

Medical Industry
Not Yet Used  
Not Yet Used  

Antiquity Uses
Artifacts  
Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines  

Other Uses
  
  

Commercial Uses
Alumina Refineries, Electricity Generation, Liquid Fuel, Manufacture of Soap, Solvents, Dyes, Plastics and Fibres, Paper Industry  
Creating Artwork  

Types

Types
Peat, Lignite, Sub-Bituminous Coal, Bituminous Coal, Anthracite, Graphite  
Welded tuff, Rhyolitic tuff, Basaltic tuff, Trachyte tuff, Andesitic tuff and Ignimbrite.  

Features
Helps in production of Heat and Electricity, Used as fossil fuel  
Always found as volcanic pipes over deep continental crust  

Archaeological Significance
  
  

Monuments
Not Yet Used  
Used  

Famous Monuments
Not Applicable  
Easter Island in the Polynesian Triangle, Pacific Ocean  

Sculpture
Not Yet Used  
Used  

Famous Sculptures
Not Applicable  
Data Not Available  

Pictographs
Not Used  
Used  

Petroglyphs
Not Used  
Used  

Figurines
Not Yet Used  
Used  

Fossils
Present  
Absent  

Formation

Formation
Coal forms from the accumulation of plant debris in a swamp environment which is buried by sediments such as mud or sand and then compacted to form coal.  
Tuff is formed when large masses of ash and sand which are mixed with hot gases are ejected by a volcano and avalanche rapidly down its slopes.  

Composition
  
  

Mineral Content
Analcime, Apatite, Barite, Calcite, Chalcopyrite, Chlorite, Chromite, Clausthalite, Clay Minerals, Crandallite Group, Dolomite, Feldspar, Galena, Gypsum, Marcasite, Muscovite or Illite, Pyrite, Quartz, Siderite, Sphalerite, Zircon  
Calcite, Chlorite  

Compound Content
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulphur  
Hydrogen Sulfide, Sulfur Dioxide  

Transformation
  
  

Metamorphism
Yes  
Yes  

Types of Metamorphism
Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism  
Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Hydrothermal Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism  

Weathering
No  
Yes  

Types of Weathering
Not Applicable  
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering  

Erosion
No  
Yes  

Types of Erosion
Not Applicable  
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion  

Properties

Physical Properties
  
  

Hardness
1-1.5  
4-6  

Grain Size
Medium to Fine Coarse Grained  
Fine Grained  

Fracture
Conchoidal  
Uneven  

Streak
Black  
White  

Porosity
Less Porous  
Highly Porous  

Luster
Dull to Vitreous to Submetallic  
Vitreous to Dull  

Compressive Strength
Not Available  
243.80 N/mm2  
5

Cleavage
Non-Existent  
Not Available  

Toughness
Not Available  
Not Available  

Specific Gravity
1.1-1.4  
2.73  

Transparency
Opaque  
Opaque  

Density
1100-1400 g/cm3  
1-1.8 g/cm3  

Thermal Properties
  
  

Specific Heat Capacity
1.32 kJ/Kg K  
4
0.20 kJ/Kg K  
25

Resistance
Heat Resistant  
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant  

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents
  
  

Asia
Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Pakistan, Turkey, Vietnam  
Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nepal, North Korea, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam, Yemen  

Africa
Botswana, Kenya, Morocco, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania  
Cameroon, Cape Verde, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, Madagascar, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, Uganda  

Europe
Belgium, Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Kosovo, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, The Czech Republic, Ukraine, United Kingdom  
France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, United Kingdom  

Others
Not Yet Found  
Antarctica, Hawaii Islands  

Deposits in Western Continents
  
  

North America
Canada, Mexico, USA  
Canada, Costa Rica, Panama, USA  

South America
Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela  
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Paraguay  

Deposits in Oceania Continent
  
  

Australia
New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria  
Central Australia, Western Australia  

Summary >>
<< Reserves

All about Coal and Tuff Properties

Know all about Coal and Tuff properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Coal belongs to Sedimentary Rocks while Tuff belongs to Igneous Rocks.Texture of Coal is Amorphous, Glassy whereas that of Tuff is Clastic, Pyroclastic. Coal appears Veined or Pebbled and Tuff appears Dull, Vesicular and Foilated. The luster of Coal is dull to vitreous to submetallic while that of Tuff is vitreous to dull. Coal is available in black, brown, dark brown, grey, light to dark grey colors whereas Tuff is available in brown, grey, yellow colors. The commercial uses of Coal are alumina refineries, electricity generation, liquid fuel, manufacture of soap, solvents, dyes, plastics and fibres, paper industry and that of Tuff are creating artwork.

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