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Coal and Phyllite


Phyllite and Coal


Definition

Definition
Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers called coal beds  
Phyllite is a fine-grained metamorphic rock with a well-developed laminar structure, and is intermediate between slate and schist rocks  

History
  
  

Origin
USA  
-  

Discoverer
John Peter Salley  
Unknown  

Etymology
From the Old English term col, which has meant mineral of fossilized carbon since the 13th century  
From Greek phullon leaf + -ite1  

Class
Sedimentary Rocks  
Metamorphic Rocks  

Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Soft Rock  
Durable Rock, Soft Rock  

Family
  
  

Group
-  
-  

Other Categories
Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock  
Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock  

Texture

Texture
Amorphous, Glassy  
Phyllitic Sheen, Slaty  

Color
Black, Brown, Dark Brown, Grey, Light to Dark Grey  
Black to Grey, Light Greenish Grey  

Maintenance
Less  
More  

Durability
Durable  
Durable  

Water Resistant
No  
No  

Scratch Resistant
No  
No  

Stain Resistant
No  
No  

Wind Resistant
No  
No  

Acid Resistant
No  
No  

Appearance
Veined or Pebbled  
Crinkled or Wavy  

Uses

Architecture
  
  

Interior Uses
-  
Decorative Aggregates, Floor Tiles, Homes, Interior Decoration  

Exterior Uses
-  
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration  

Other Architectural Uses
-  
Curbing  

Industry
  
  

Construction Industry
Cement Manufacture, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, Steel Production  
As Dimension Stone, Building houses or walls, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Raw material for the manufacture of mortar, Roadstone  

Medical Industry
-  
-  

Antiquity Uses
Artifacts  
Artifacts, Sculpture  

Other Uses
  
  

Commercial Uses
Alumina Refineries, Electricity Generation, Liquid Fuel, Manufacture of Soap, Solvents, Dyes, Plastics and Fibres, Paper Industry  
Cemetery Markers, Commemorative Tablets, Creating Artwork, Writing Slates  

Types

Types
Peat, Lignite, Sub-Bituminous Coal, Bituminous Coal, Anthracite, Graphite  
Phyllite  

Features
Helps in production of Heat and Electricity, Used as fossil fuel  
Easily splits into thin plates, Is one of the oldest rock, Surfaces are often shiny  

Archaeological Significance
  
  

Monuments
-  
-  

Famous Monuments
-  
-  

Sculpture
-  
-  

Famous Sculptures
-  
-  

Pictographs
-  
-  

Petroglyphs
-  
-  

Figurines
-  
-  

Fossils
Present  
Absent  

Formation

Formation
Coal forms from the accumulation of plant debris in a swamp environment which is buried by sediments such as mud or sand and then compacted to form coal.  
Phyllite is a metamorphic rock which is formed by regional metamorphism of argillaceous sediments since their cleavage arose due to deviatoric stress.  

Composition
  
  

Mineral Content
Analcime, Apatite, Barite, Calcite, Chalcopyrite, Chlorite, Chromite, Clausthalite, Clay Minerals, Crandallite Group, Dolomite, Feldspar, Galena, Gypsum, Marcasite, Muscovite or Illite, Pyrite, Quartz, Siderite, Sphalerite, Zircon  
Albite, Alusite, Amphibole, Apatite, Biotite, Chlorite, Epidote, Feldspar, Garnet, Graphite, Hornblade, Kyanite, Micas, Muscovite or Illite, Porphyroblasts, Quartz, Sillimanite, Staurolite, Talc, Zircon  

Compound Content
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulphur  
CaO, Carbon Dioxide, MgO  

Transformation
  
  

Metamorphism
Yes  
No  

Types of Metamorphism
Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism  
-  

Weathering
No  
Yes  

Types of Weathering
-  
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering  

Erosion
No  
Yes  

Types of Erosion
-  
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion  

Properties

Physical Properties
  
  

Hardness
1-1.5  
1-2  

Grain Size
Medium to Fine Coarse Grained  
Medium to Fine Coarse Grained  

Fracture
Conchoidal  
Conchoidal  

Streak
Black  
White  

Porosity
Less Porous  
Highly Porous  

Luster
Dull to Vitreous to Submetallic  
Phyllitic  

Compressive Strength
-  
50.00 N/mm2  
39

Cleavage
-  
Crenulation and Pervasive  

Toughness
-  
1.2  

Specific Gravity
1.1-1.4  
2.72-2.73  

Transparency
Opaque  
Opaque  

Density
1100-1400 g/cm3  
2.18-3.3 g/cm3  

Thermal Properties
  
  

Specific Heat Capacity
1.32 kJ/Kg K  
4
0.79 kJ/Kg K  
17

Resistance
Heat Resistant  
Heat Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Water Resistant  

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents
  
  

Asia
Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Pakistan, Turkey, Vietnam  
Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Japan, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Pakistan, Russia, Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam  

Africa
Botswana, Kenya, Morocco, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania  
Egypt, Ethiopia, Morocco, Nigeria, South Africa  

Europe
Belgium, Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Kosovo, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, The Czech Republic, Ukraine, United Kingdom  
Austria, England, France, Georgia, Germany, Italy, Liechtenstein, Monaco, Norway, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland  

Others
-  
-  

Deposits in Western Continents
  
  

North America
Canada, Mexico, USA  
Canada, Costa Rica, Cuba, Mexico, Panama, USA  

South America
Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela  
Brazil, Colombia, Guyana  

Deposits in Oceania Continent
  
  

Australia
New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria  
New South Wales, New Zealand, Queensland  

Summary >>
<< Reserves

All about Coal and Phyllite Properties

Know all about Coal and Phyllite properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Coal belongs to Sedimentary Rocks while Phyllite belongs to Metamorphic Rocks.Texture of Coal is Amorphous, Glassy whereas that of Phyllite is Phyllitic Sheen, Slaty. Coal appears Veined or Pebbled and Phyllite appears Crinkled or Wavy. The luster of Coal is dull to vitreous to submetallic while that of Phyllite is phyllitic. Coal is available in black, brown, dark brown, grey, light to dark grey colors whereas Phyllite is available in black to grey, light greenish grey colors. The commercial uses of Coal are alumina refineries, electricity generation, liquid fuel, manufacture of soap, solvents, dyes, plastics and fibres, paper industry and that of Phyllite are cemetery markers, commemorative tablets, creating artwork, writing slates.

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