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Coal and Lignite


Lignite and Coal


Definition

Definition
Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers called coal beds  
Lignite is a soft brownish coal which shows traces of plants and is intermediate between bituminous coal and peat  

History
  
  

Origin
USA  
France  

Discoverer
John Peter Salley  
Unknown  

Etymology
From the Old English term col, which has meant mineral of fossilized carbon since the 13th century  
From French, Latin lignum wood + -ite1  

Class
Sedimentary Rocks  
Sedimentary Rocks  

Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Soft Rock  
Durable Rock, Soft Rock  

Family
  
  

Group
-  
-  

Other Categories
Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock  
Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock  

Texture

Texture
Amorphous, Glassy  
Amorphous, Glassy  

Color
Black, Brown, Dark Brown, Grey, Light to Dark Grey  
Black, Brown, Dark Brown, Grey, Light to Dark Grey  

Maintenance
Less  
Less  

Durability
Durable  
Durable  

Water Resistant
No  
No  

Scratch Resistant
No  
No  

Stain Resistant
No  
No  

Wind Resistant
No  
No  

Acid Resistant
No  
No  

Appearance
Veined or Pebbled  
Veined or Pebbled  

Uses

Architecture
  
  

Interior Uses
-  
-  

Exterior Uses
-  
-  

Other Architectural Uses
-  
-  

Industry
  
  

Construction Industry
Cement Manufacture, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, Steel Production  
for Road Aggregate, Steel Production  

Medical Industry
-  
-  

Antiquity Uses
Artifacts  
-  

Other Uses
  
  

Commercial Uses
Alumina Refineries, Electricity Generation, Liquid Fuel, Manufacture of Soap, Solvents, Dyes, Plastics and Fibres, Paper Industry  
Electricity Generation  

Types

Types
Peat, Lignite, Sub-Bituminous Coal, Bituminous Coal, Anthracite, Graphite  
Xyloid Lignite or Fossil Wood and Compact Lignite or Perfect Lignite  

Features
Helps in production of Heat and Electricity, Used as fossil fuel  
Generally rough to touch, Helps in production of Heat and Electricity, Used as fossil fuel  

Archaeological Significance
  
  

Monuments
-  
-  

Famous Monuments
-  
-  

Sculpture
-  
-  

Famous Sculptures
-  
-  

Pictographs
-  
-  

Petroglyphs
-  
-  

Figurines
-  
-  

Fossils
Present  
Present  

Formation

Formation
Coal forms from the accumulation of plant debris in a swamp environment which is buried by sediments such as mud or sand and then compacted to form coal.  
Coal formation takes place due to accumulation of plant debris in a swamp environment. The Coal formation process continues, as peat turns into lignite brown or black coal at increasing heat and pressure.  

Composition
  
  

Mineral Content
Analcime, Apatite, Barite, Calcite, Chalcopyrite, Chlorite, Chromite, Clausthalite, Clay Minerals, Crandallite Group, Dolomite, Feldspar, Galena, Gypsum, Marcasite, Muscovite or Illite, Pyrite, Quartz, Siderite, Sphalerite, Zircon  
-  

Compound Content
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulphur  
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulphur  

Transformation
  
  

Metamorphism
Yes  
No  

Types of Metamorphism
Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism  
-  

Weathering
No  
Yes  

Types of Weathering
-  
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering  

Erosion
No  
Yes  

Types of Erosion
-  
Chemical Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion  

Properties

Physical Properties
  
  

Hardness
1-1.5  
1  

Grain Size
Medium to Fine Coarse Grained  
Medium to Fine Coarse Grained  

Fracture
Conchoidal  
Conchoidal  

Streak
Black  
Black  

Porosity
Less Porous  
Highly Porous  

Luster
Dull to Vitreous to Submetallic  
Dull to Vitreous to Submetallic  

Compressive Strength
-  
-  

Cleavage
-  
-  

Toughness
-  
-  

Specific Gravity
1.1-1.4  
1.1-1.4  

Transparency
Opaque  
Opaque  

Density
1100-1400 g/cm3  
800-801 g/cm3  

Thermal Properties
  
  

Specific Heat Capacity
1.32 kJ/Kg K  
4
1.26 kJ/Kg K  
5

Resistance
Heat Resistant  
Heat Resistant  

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents
  
  

Asia
Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Pakistan, Turkey, Vietnam  
Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Pakistan, Turkey, Vietnam  

Africa
Botswana, Kenya, Morocco, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania  
Botswana, Kenya, Morocco, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania  

Europe
Belgium, Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Kosovo, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, The Czech Republic, Ukraine, United Kingdom  
Belgium, Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Kosovo, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, The Czech Republic, Ukraine, United Kingdom  

Others
-  
-  

Deposits in Western Continents
  
  

North America
Canada, Mexico, USA  
Canada, Mexico, USA  

South America
Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela  
Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela  

Deposits in Oceania Continent
  
  

Australia
New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria  
New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria  

Summary >>
<< Reserves

All about Coal and Lignite Properties

Know all about Coal and Lignite properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Coal and Lignite belong to Sedimentary Rocks.Texture of Coal is Amorphous, Glassy whereas that of Lignite is Amorphous, Glassy. Coal appears Veined or Pebbled and Lignite appears Veined or Pebbled. The luster of Coal and Lignite is dull to vitreous to submetallic. Coal and Lignite are available in black, brown, dark brown, grey, light to dark grey colors. The commercial uses of Coal and Lignite are alumina refineries, electricity generation, liquid fuel, manufacture of soap, solvents, dyes, plastics and fibres, paper industry.

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