Claystone

Tephrite

Claystone and Tephrite

Claystone

Tephrite

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Definition

Claystone is a fine-grained, dark gray to pink sedimentary rock which mainly consists of compacted and hardened clay

Tephrite is an aphanitic to porphyritic textured, volcanic igneous rock

History

Origin

Germany

Discoverer

Unknown

Van Tooren

Etymology

From English clay and stone as the rock contains more amount of clay

From Greek tephra, ashes from Indo-European base, to burn

Class

Sedimentary Rocks

Igneous Rocks

Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock

Durable Rock, Hard Rock

Family

Group

Volcanic

Other Categories

Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Texture

Clastic

Aphanitic to Porphyritic

Color

Black, Blue, Brown, Green, Grey, Orange, Red, White, Yellow

Black, Brown, Green, Grey, White

Maintenance

Less

Durability

Durable

Water Resistant

✔ ✘

Scratch Resistant

✔ ✘

Stain Resistant

✔ ✘

Wind Resistant

✔ ✘

Acid Resistant

✔ ✘

Appearance

Rough and Dull

Vesicular

Uses

Architecture

Interior Uses

Decorative Aggregates, Entryways, Floor Tiles, Homes, Interior Decoration

Decorative Aggregates, Flooring, Homes, Interior Decoration

Exterior Uses

As Facing Stone, Roof Tiles

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings

Other Architectural Uses

Curbing

Industry

Construction Industry

As a Sintering Agent in Steel Industry to process Iron Ore, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, Raw material for the manufacture of mortar

Landscaping

Medical Industry

Antiquity Uses

Artifacts, Sculpture, Small Figurines

Artifacts, Sculpture

Other Uses

Commercial Uses

Pottery

Production of Lime, Soil Conditioner

Types

Claystone

Igneous rock

Features

Available in Lots of Colors and Patterns, Smooth to touch, Very fine grained rock

Host Rock for Lead

Archaeological Significance

Monuments

Famous Monuments

Sculpture

Famous Sculptures

Pictographs

Petroglyphs

Figurines

Fossils

Present

Absent

Formation

Claystone is generally quite soft, but can be hard and brittle. It forms due to weathering of mudstone.

Tephrite is a fine-grained, hard rock which is a type of metasomatite, essentially altered basalt. It forms with or without crystallization, either below the surface as intrusive rocks or on the surface as extrusive rocks.

Composition

Mineral Content

Biotite, Chlorite, Feldspar, Micas, Muscovite or Illite, Plagioclase, Pyrite, Quartz

Alkali feldspar, Nepheline, Plagioclase, Pyroxene

Compound Content

Aluminium Oxide, Ca, NaCl, CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, MgO, Silicon Dioxide

CaO, Carbon Dioxide, MgO, Silicon Dioxide

Transformation

Metamorphism

✔ ✘

Types of Metamorphism

Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism

Weathering

✔ ✘

Types of Weathering

Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering

Erosion

✔ ✘

Types of Erosion

Coastal Erosion, Water Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion

Properties

Physical Properties

Hardness

3.5-46.5

1 7

👆🏻

Grain Size

Fine Grained

Medium to Fine Coarse Grained

Fracture

Uneven

Streak

White

Bluish Black

Porosity

Very Less Porous

Luster

Dull

Subvitreous to Dull

Compressive Strength

40.00 N/mm²90.00 N/mm²

0.15 450

👆🏻

Cleavage

Perfect

Crenulation and Pervasive

Toughness

2.6

2.4

Specific Gravity

02.86

0 8.4

👆🏻

Transparency

Opaque

Density

2-2.9 g/cm³2.8-2.9 g/cm³

0 1400

👆🏻

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat Capacity

0.92 kJ/Kg K0.92 kJ/Kg K

0.14 3.2

👆🏻

Resistance

Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents

Asia

Bangladesh, China, India, Russia

Africa

Ethiopia, Kenya, Morocco, South Africa, Tanzania

Namibia, Uganda

Europe

Austria, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Romania, Scotland, Spain, Switzerland

Germany, Hungary, Italy, Portugal, Spain

Others

Deposits in Western Continents

North America

Canada, Panama, USA

USA

South America

Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela

Deposits in Oceania Continent

Australia

New South Wales, New Zealand, Queensland, Victoria, Western Australia

New Zealand, Western Australia

All about Claystone and Tephrite Properties

Know all about Claystone and Tephrite properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Claystone belongs to Sedimentary Rocks while Tephrite belongs to Igneous Rocks.Texture of Claystone is Clastic whereas that of Tephrite is Aphanitic to Porphyritic. Claystone appears Rough and Dull and Tephrite appears Vesicular. The luster of Claystone is dull while that of Tephrite is subvitreous to dull. Claystone and Tephrite are available in black, blue, brown, green, grey, orange, red, white, yellow colors. The commercial uses of Claystone are pottery and that of Tephrite are production of lime, soil conditioner.