Claystone

Pegmatite

Claystone and Pegmatite

Claystone

Pegmatite

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1 Definition

1.1 Definition

Claystone is a fine-grained, dark gray to pink sedimentary rock which mainly consists of compacted and hardened clay

Pegmatite rock is a holocrystalline, intrusive igneous rock which is composed of interlocking phaneritic crystals

1.2 History

1.2.1 Origin

Unknown

1.2.2 Discoverer

Unknown

R. J. Hauy

1.3 Etymology

From English clay and stone as the rock contains more amount of clay

From Greek pegma, pegmat which means- thing joined together + -ite

1.4 Class

Sedimentary Rocks

Igneous Rocks

1.4.1 Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock

Durable Rock, Hard Rock

1.5 Family

1.5.1 Group

Not Applicable

Plutonic

1.6 Other Categories

Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Coarse Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

2 Texture

2.1 Texture

Clastic

Pegmatitic

2.2 Color

Black, Blue, Brown, Green, Grey, Orange, Red, White, Yellow

Black, Brown, Cream, Green, Grey, Pink, Red, Rust, Silver, White, Yellow

2.3 Maintenance

Less

2.4 Durability

Durable

3.1.2 Water Resistant

✔ ✘

3.1.5 Scratch Resistant

✔ ✘

3.1.7 Stain Resistant

✔ ✘

3.2.2 Wind Resistant

✔ ✘

3.3.2 Acid Resistant

✔ ✘

3.4 Appearance

Rough and Dull

Layered, Banded, Veined and Shiny

4 Uses

4.1 Architecture

4.1.1 Interior Uses

Decorative Aggregates, Entryways, Floor Tiles, Homes, Interior Decoration

Decorative Aggregates, Flooring, Interior Decoration

4.1.2 Exterior Uses

As Facing Stone, Roof Tiles

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Paving Stone

4.1.3 Other Architectural Uses

Curbing

4.2 Industry

4.2.1 Construction Industry

As a Sintering Agent in Steel Industry to process Iron Ore, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, Raw material for the manufacture of mortar

As Dimension Stone, Building houses or walls, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Landscaping

4.2.2 Medical Industry

Not Yet Used

4.3 Antiquity Uses

Artifacts, Sculpture, Small Figurines

4.4 Other Uses

4.4.1 Commercial Uses

Pottery

Creating Artwork, Jewelry, Source of corundum, tourmalines, beryls and topaz

5 Types

5.1 Types

Not Available

Granite Pegmatite, Gabbro Pegmatite and Diorite Pegmatite

5.2 Features

Available in Lots of Colors and Patterns, Smooth to touch, Very fine grained rock

Generally rough to touch, Is one of the oldest rock, Source of corundum, tourmalines, beryls and topaz

5.3 Archaeological Significance

5.3.1 Monuments

Not Yet Used

5.3.2 Famous Monuments

Not Applicable

5.3.3 Sculpture

Used

5.3.4 Famous Sculptures

Data Not Available

5.3.5 Pictographs

Used

Not Used

5.3.6 Petroglyphs

Used

Not Used

5.3.7 Figurines

Used

5.4 Fossils

Present

Absent

6 Formation

6.1 Formation

Claystone is generally quite soft, but can be hard and brittle. It forms due to weathering of mudstone.

Pegmatite rock is holocrystalline, intrusive igneous rock which is formed by partial melting and dewatering during the process of metamorphism.

6.2 Composition

6.2.1 Mineral Content

Biotite, Chlorite, Feldspar, Micas, Muscovite or Illite, Plagioclase, Pyrite, Quartz

Apatite, Beryl, Feldspar, Fluorite, Garnet, Lepidolite, Quartz, Silica, Spodumene, Topaz

6.2.2 Compound Content

Aluminium Oxide, Ca, NaCl, CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, MgO, Silicon Dioxide

Aluminium Oxide, CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, FeO, Potassium Oxide, Magnesium Carbonate, MgO, Phosphorus Pentoxide

6.3 Transformation

6.3.1 Metamorphism

✔ ✘

6.3.2 Types of Metamorphism

Not Applicable

Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Hydrothermal Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism

6.3.3 Weathering

✔ ✘

6.3.4 Types of Weathering

Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering

6.3.5 Erosion

✔ ✘

6.3.6 Types of Erosion

Coastal Erosion, Water Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion

7 Properties

7.1 Physical Properties

7.1.1 Hardness

3.5-47

1 7

7.1.2 Grain Size

Fine Grained

Medium to Coarse Grained

7.1.3 Fracture

Not Available

Conchoidal

7.1.4 Streak

White

7.1.5 Porosity

Very Less Porous

Less Porous

7.1.6 Luster

Dull

Grainy, Pearly and Vitreous

7.1.7 Compressive Strength

NA178.54 N/mm²

0.15 450

7.1.8 Cleavage

Perfect

7.1.9 Toughness

2.6

2.1

7.1.10 Specific Gravity

02.6-2.63

0 8.4

7.1.11 Transparency

Opaque

Translucent to Opaque

7.1.12 Density

2-2.9 g/cm³2.6-2.65 g/cm³

0 1400

7.2 Thermal Properties

7.2.1 Specific Heat Capacity

0.92 kJ/Kg KNA

0.14 3.2

7.2.2 Resistance

Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant

Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant

8 Reserves

8.1 Deposits in Eastern Continents

8.1.1 Asia

Bangladesh, China, India, Russia

China, India, Iran, Japan, Nepal, North Korea, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Korea

8.1.2 Africa

Ethiopia, Kenya, Morocco, South Africa, Tanzania

South Africa

8.1.3 Europe

Austria, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Romania, Scotland, Spain, Switzerland

Austria, France, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Slovakia, Spain, Turkey, Ukraine

8.1.4 Others

Not Yet Found

8.2 Deposits in Western Continents

8.2.1 North America

Canada, Panama, USA

Canada

8.2.2 South America

Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela

Brazil

8.3 Deposits in Oceania Continent

8.3.1 Australia

New South Wales, New Zealand, Queensland, Victoria, Western Australia

New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia

All about Claystone and Pegmatite Properties

Know all about Claystone and Pegmatite properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Claystone belongs to Sedimentary Rocks while Pegmatite belongs to Igneous Rocks.Texture of Claystone is Clastic whereas that of Pegmatite is Pegmatitic. Claystone appears Rough and Dull and Pegmatite appears Layered, Banded, Veined and Shiny. The luster of Claystone is dull while that of Pegmatite is grainy, pearly and vitreous. Claystone is available in black, blue, brown, green, grey, orange, red, white, yellow colors whereas Pegmatite is available in black, brown, cream, green, grey, pink, red, rust, silver, white, yellow colors. The commercial uses of Claystone are pottery and that of Pegmatite are creating artwork, jewelry, source of corundum, tourmalines, beryls and topaz.