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Chalk and Andesite


Andesite and Chalk


Definition

Definition
Chalk is a soft, white, powdery limestone consisting mainly of fossil shells of foraminifers   
Andesite is a dark, fine-grained, brown or greyish intermediate volcanic rock which is a commonly found in lava   

History
  
  

Origin
Unknown   
North America   

Discoverer
Unknown   
Unknown   

Etymology
From old English cealc chalk, lime, plaster; pebble, from Greek khalix small pebble, in English transferred to the opaque, white, soft limestone   
From Andes mountains, where it is found in abundance   

Class
Sedimentary Rocks   
Igneous Rocks   

Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Soft Rock   
Durable Rock, Hard Rock   

Family
  
  

Group
Not Applicable   
Volcanic   

Other Categories
Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock   
Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock   

Texture

Texture
Clastic or Non-Clastic   
Aphanitic to Porphyritic   

Color
Grey, White, Yellow   
Bluish - Grey, Grey, Pink, Yellow   

Maintenance
Less   
More   

Durability
Durable   
Durable   

Water Resistant
No   
No   

Scratch Resistant
No   
Yes   

Stain Resistant
No   
Yes   

Wind Resistant
No   
No   

Acid Resistant
No   
Yes   

Appearance
Soft   
Dull and Soft   

Uses

Architecture
  
  

Interior Uses
Decorative Aggregates, Homes, Interior Decoration   
Decorative Aggregates, Floor Tiles, Homes, Interior Decoration, Kitchens   

Exterior Uses
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Paving Stone, Garden Decoration   
Office Buildings, Roof Tiles   

Other Architectural Uses
Powder   
Curbing   

Industry
  
  

Construction Industry
As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, raw material for manufacture of quicklime and slaked lime, Source of calcium   
Cobblestones, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate   

Medical Industry
Not Yet Used   
Not Yet Used   

Antiquity Uses
Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines   
Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines   

Other Uses
  
  

Commercial Uses
Alumina Refineries, Creating Artwork, Drawing on blackboards, Gymnasts, athletes and mountain climbers use for grip, In aquifers, Paper Industry, Production of Lime, Raw material for manufacture of quicklime, slaked lime, Soil Conditioner, Whiting, Whiting material in toothpaste, paint and paper   
Commemorative Tablets, Creating Artwork   

Types

Types
Not Available   
Icelandite   

Features
Clasts are smooth to touch, Is one of the oldest rock, Smooth to touch, Very fine grained rock   
Generally rough to touch, High silica content, Is one of the oldest rock   

Archaeological Significance
  
  

Monuments
Used   
Used   

Famous Monuments
Data Not Available   
Middle of the Earth in Ecuador   

Sculpture
Used   
Used   

Famous Sculptures
Data Not Available   
Data Not Available   

Pictographs
Used   
Not Used   

Petroglyphs
Used   
Not Used   

Figurines
Used   
Used   

Fossils
Present   
Absent   

Formation

Formation
Chalk is formed from lime mud, which accumulates on the sea floor which is then transformed into rock by geological processes.   
Andesite is a fine-grained igneous rock that forms when the magma is erupted onto the surface and is crystallized quickly.   

Composition
  
  

Mineral Content
Calcite, Clay, Clay Minerals, Quartz, Sand   
Amphibole, Apatite, Biotite, Feldspar, Garnet, Hornblade, Ilmenite, Magnetite, Plagioclase, Pyroxene, Zircon   

Compound Content
Ca, NaCl, CaO   
Silicon Dioxide   

Transformation
  
  

Metamorphism
No   
Yes   

Types of Metamorphism
Not Applicable   
Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Hydrothermal Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism   

Weathering
Yes   
Yes   

Types of Weathering
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering   
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering   

Erosion
Yes   
Yes   

Types of Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Water Erosion   
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion   

Properties

Physical Properties
  
  

Hardness
1   
7   

Grain Size
Very fine-grained   
Very fine-grained   

Fracture
Not Available   
Uneven   

Streak
White   
White   

Porosity
Highly Porous   
Less Porous   

Luster
Dull   
Vitreous   

Compressive Strength
Not Available   
225.00 N/mm2   
7

Cleavage
Non-Existent   
Not Available   

Toughness
1   
1.1   

Specific Gravity
2.3-2.4   
2.5-2.8   

Transparency
Opaque   
Opaque   

Density
2.49-2.50 g/cm3   
2.11-2.36 g/cm3   

Thermal Properties
  
  

Specific Heat Capacity
0.90 kJ/Kg K   
12
2.39 kJ/Kg K   
2

Resistance
Heat Resistant   
Heat Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant   

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents
  
  

Asia
Brunei, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam   
India, Indonesia, Japan, Nepal, South Korea   

Africa
Cameroon, Chad, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Zambia, Zimbabwe   
Egypt, Ethiopia, Morocco, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania   

Europe
England, France, Germany, Spain, United Kingdom   
Austria, Finland, Germany, Italy, Romania, Turkey, United Kingdom   

Others
Not Yet Found   
Not Yet Found   

Deposits in Western Continents
  
  

North America
Canada, USA   
Mexico, USA   

South America
Colombia   
Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela   

Deposits in Oceania Continent
  
  

Australia
Adelaide, New Zealand, Queensland, Tonga, Victoria, Yorke Peninsula   
New South Wales, New Zealand, Western Australia   

Summary >>
<< Reserves

All about Chalk and Andesite Properties

Know all about Chalk and Andesite properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Chalk belongs to Sedimentary Rocks while Andesite belongs to Igneous Rocks.Texture of Chalk is Clastic or Non-Clastic whereas that of Andesite is Aphanitic to Porphyritic. Chalk appears Soft and Andesite appears Dull and Soft. The luster of Chalk is dull while that of Andesite is vitreous. Chalk is available in grey, white, yellow colors whereas Andesite is available in bluish - grey, grey, pink, yellow colors. The commercial uses of Chalk are alumina refineries, creating artwork, drawing on blackboards, gymnasts, athletes and mountain climbers use for grip, in aquifers, paper industry, production of lime, raw material for manufacture of quicklime, slaked lime, soil conditioner, whiting, whiting material in toothpaste, paint and paper and that of Andesite are commemorative tablets, creating artwork.

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