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Cataclasite and Variolite


Variolite and Cataclasite


Definition

Definition
Cataclasite is a type of cataclastic rock that is formed by fracturing and comminution during faulting. It is normally cohesive and non-foliated, consisting of angular clasts in a finer-grained matrix  
Variolites are a group of dark green basic igneous rocks which exhibit pale colored spots, or spherules, especially on weathered surfaces, that give them a pockmarked appearance  

History
  
  

Origin
Swiss Alps, Europe  
France  

Discoverer
Michael Tellinger  
Unknown  

Etymology
From the Italian word cataclasi  
From Latin varius, speckled, variegated  

Class
Metamorphic Rocks  
Igneous Rocks  

Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock  
Durable Rock, Hard Rock  

Family
  
  

Group
-  
Volcanic  

Other Categories
Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock  
Opaque Rock  

Texture

Texture
Clastic  
Glassy, Massive, Porphyritic, Scoriaceous, Vesicular  

Color
Brown, Green, White, Yellow  
Black, Brown, Light to Dark Grey  

Maintenance
Less  
Less  

Durability
Durable  
Durable  

Water Resistant
Yes  
Yes  

Scratch Resistant
No  
Yes  

Stain Resistant
No  
No  

Wind Resistant
No  
No  

Acid Resistant
No  
Yes  

Appearance
Dull and Banded  
Dull and Soft  

Uses

Architecture
  
  

Interior Uses
Decorative Aggregates, Homes  
Floor Tiles, Flooring, Homes, Hotels, Kitchens  

Exterior Uses
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Paving Stone  
Garden Decoration, Office Buildings  

Other Architectural Uses
Curbing  
Curbing  

Industry
  
  

Construction Industry
As Dimension Stone, Building houses or walls, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate  
As Dimension Stone, Cobblestones, Rail Track Ballast, Roadstone  

Medical Industry
-  
-  

Antiquity Uses
Artifacts  
Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture  

Other Uses
  
  

Commercial Uses
Commemorative Tablets, Creating Artwork  
Cemetery Markers, Creating Artwork  

Types

Types
Protocataclasite, Mesocataclasite, Ultracataclasite and Foliated cataclasite  
Metamorphic rock  

Features
Easily splits into thin plates, Is one of the oldest rock  
Has High structural resistance against erosion and climate, Very fine grained rock  

Archaeological Significance
  
  

Monuments
-  
-  

Famous Monuments
-  
-  

Sculpture
-  
-  

Famous Sculptures
-  
-  

Pictographs
-  
-  

Petroglyphs
-  
-  

Figurines
-  
-  

Fossils
Absent  
Absent  

Formation

Formation
Cataclasiste rocks mainly form by pressure deep under the Earth's surface, from the extreme heat caused by magma or by the intense collisions and friction of tectonic plates.  
Variolites are a group of dark green basic igneous rocks that exhibit pale colored spots on weathered surfaces that give them a pockmarked appearance.  

Composition
  
  

Mineral Content
Albite, Apatite, Augite, Biotite, Calcite, Enstatite, Epidote, Feldspar, Micas, Muscovite or Illite, Pyroxene, Quartz  
Olivine, Plagioclase, Pyroxene  

Compound Content
Silicon Dioxide  
Aluminium Oxide, CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, FeO, Potassium Oxide, MgO, MnO, Sodium Oxide, Phosphorus Pentoxide, Silicon Dioxide, Titanium Dioxide  

Transformation
  
  

Metamorphism
No  
Yes  

Types of Metamorphism
-  
Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Hydrothermal Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism  

Weathering
Yes  
Yes  

Types of Weathering
Mechanical Weathering  
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering  

Erosion
Yes  
No  

Types of Erosion
Coastal Erosion, Wind Erosion  
-  

Properties

Physical Properties
  
  

Hardness
3-4  
6  

Grain Size
Fine Grained  
-  

Fracture
-  
Conchoidal  

Streak
Black  
White to Grey  

Porosity
Less Porous  
Less Porous  

Luster
Vitreous  
-  

Compressive Strength
50.00 N/mm2  
39
37.50 N/mm2  
99+

Cleavage
-  
-  

Toughness
-  
2.3  

Specific Gravity
2.1  
2.8-3  

Transparency
Translucent to Opaque  
Opaque  

Density
2.9-3.1 g/cm3  
2.9-3.1 g/cm3  

Thermal Properties
  
  

Specific Heat Capacity
0.84 kJ/Kg K  
15
0.84 kJ/Kg K  
15

Resistance
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant  
Heat Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant  

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents
  
  

Asia
China, India, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Korea  
India, Russia  

Africa
Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Morocco, South Africa  
South Africa  

Europe
England, Finland, France, Spain, United Kingdom  
Iceland  

Others
-  
-  

Deposits in Western Continents
  
  

North America
Canada, USA  
Canada, USA  

South America
Argentina, Colombia  
Brazil  

Deposits in Oceania Continent
  
  

Australia
Central Australia, Western Australia  
-  

Summary >>
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All about Cataclasite and Variolite Properties

Know all about Cataclasite and Variolite properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Cataclasite belongs to Metamorphic Rocks while Variolite belongs to Igneous Rocks.Texture of Cataclasite is Clastic whereas that of Variolite is Glassy, Massive, Porphyritic, Scoriaceous, Vesicular. Cataclasite appears Dull and Banded and Variolite appears Dull and Soft. The luster of Cataclasite is vitreous while that of Variolite is . Cataclasite is available in brown, green, white, yellow colors whereas Variolite is available in black, brown, light to dark grey colors. The commercial uses of Cataclasite are commemorative tablets, creating artwork and that of Variolite are cemetery markers, creating artwork.

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