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Cataclasite and Ignimbrite


Ignimbrite and Cataclasite


Definition

Definition
Cataclasite is a type of cataclastic rock that is formed by fracturing and comminution during faulting. It is normally cohesive and non-foliated, consisting of angular clasts in a finer-grained matrix  
Ignimbrite is a volcanic rock consisting mainly of pumice fragments, formed by the consolidation of material deposited by pyroclastic flows  

History
  
  

Origin
Swiss Alps, Europe  
New Zealand  

Discoverer
Michael Tellinger  
Patrick Marshall  

Etymology
From the Italian word cataclasi  
From Latin ignis fire + imber, imbr- shower of rain, storm cloud + -ite  

Class
Metamorphic Rocks  
Igneous Rocks  

Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock  
Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock  

Family
  
  

Group
-  
Volcanic  

Other Categories
Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock  
Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock  

Texture

Texture
Clastic  
Aphanitic  

Color
Brown, Green, White, Yellow  
Beige, Black, Brown, Grey, Pink, White  

Maintenance
Less  
More  

Durability
Durable  
Durable  

Water Resistant
Yes  
Yes  

Scratch Resistant
No  
Yes  

Stain Resistant
No  
No  

Wind Resistant
No  
Yes  

Acid Resistant
No  
No  

Appearance
Dull and Banded  
Dull, Vesicular and Foilated  

Uses

Architecture
  
  

Interior Uses
Decorative Aggregates, Homes  
Decorative Aggregates, Floor Tiles, Homes, Interior Decoration  

Exterior Uses
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Paving Stone  
As Building Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings, Paving Stone  

Other Architectural Uses
Curbing  
Curbing  

Industry
  
  

Construction Industry
As Dimension Stone, Building houses or walls, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate  
Building houses or walls, Construction Aggregate  

Medical Industry
-  
-  

Antiquity Uses
Artifacts  
Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines  

Other Uses
  
  

Commercial Uses
Commemorative Tablets, Creating Artwork  
Cemetery Markers, Commemorative Tablets, Creating Artwork  

Types

Types
Protocataclasite, Mesocataclasite, Ultracataclasite and Foliated cataclasite  
Pyroclastic rock  

Features
Easily splits into thin plates, Is one of the oldest rock  
Always found as volcanic pipes over deep continental crust  

Archaeological Significance
  
  

Monuments
-  
-  

Famous Monuments
-  
-  

Sculpture
-  
-  

Famous Sculptures
-  
-  

Pictographs
-  
-  

Petroglyphs
-  
-  

Figurines
-  
-  

Fossils
Absent  
Absent  

Formation

Formation
Cataclasiste rocks mainly form by pressure deep under the Earth's surface, from the extreme heat caused by magma or by the intense collisions and friction of tectonic plates.  
Ignimbrites are formed from very poorly sorted mixture of volcanic ash or tuff and pumice lapilli, commonly with scattered lithic fragments.  

Composition
  
  

Mineral Content
Albite, Apatite, Augite, Biotite, Calcite, Enstatite, Epidote, Feldspar, Micas, Muscovite or Illite, Pyroxene, Quartz  
Apatite, Biotite, Calcite, Chlorite, Feldspar, Hematite, Hornblade, Ilmenite, Magnetite, Olivine, Pyroxene, Quartz  

Compound Content
Silicon Dioxide  
Ca, NaCl  

Transformation
  
  

Metamorphism
No  
Yes  

Types of Metamorphism
-  
Burial Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Hydrothermal Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism  

Weathering
Yes  
Yes  

Types of Weathering
Mechanical Weathering  
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering  

Erosion
Yes  
Yes  

Types of Erosion
Coastal Erosion, Wind Erosion  
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion  

Properties

Physical Properties
  
  

Hardness
3-4  
4-6  

Grain Size
Fine Grained  
Fine Grained  

Fracture
-  
Uneven  

Streak
Black  
White  

Porosity
Less Porous  
Highly Porous  

Luster
Vitreous  
Vitreous to Dull  

Compressive Strength
50.00 N/mm2  
39
243.80 N/mm2  
6

Cleavage
-  
-  

Toughness
-  
-  

Specific Gravity
2.1  
2.73  

Transparency
Translucent to Opaque  
Opaque  

Density
2.9-3.1 g/cm3  
1-1.8 g/cm3  

Thermal Properties
  
  

Specific Heat Capacity
0.84 kJ/Kg K  
15
0.20 kJ/Kg K  
32

Resistance
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant  
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant  

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents
  
  

Asia
China, India, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Korea  
Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nepal, North Korea, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam, Yemen  

Africa
Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Morocco, South Africa  
Cameroon, Cape Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, Madagascar, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda  

Europe
England, Finland, France, Spain, United Kingdom  
France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, United Kingdom  

Others
-  
Antarctica, Hawaii Islands  

Deposits in Western Continents
  
  

North America
Canada, USA  
Canada, Costa Rica, Panama, USA  

South America
Argentina, Colombia  
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador  

Deposits in Oceania Continent
  
  

Australia
Central Australia, Western Australia  
Central Australia, Western Australia  

Summary >>
<< Reserves

All about Cataclasite and Ignimbrite Properties

Know all about Cataclasite and Ignimbrite properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Cataclasite belongs to Metamorphic Rocks while Ignimbrite belongs to Igneous Rocks.Texture of Cataclasite is Clastic whereas that of Ignimbrite is Aphanitic. Cataclasite appears Dull and Banded and Ignimbrite appears Dull, Vesicular and Foilated. The luster of Cataclasite is vitreous while that of Ignimbrite is vitreous to dull. Cataclasite is available in brown, green, white, yellow colors whereas Ignimbrite is available in beige, black, brown, grey, pink, white colors. The commercial uses of Cataclasite are commemorative tablets, creating artwork and that of Ignimbrite are cemetery markers, commemorative tablets, creating artwork.

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