Basalt

Greenschist

Basalt and Greenschist

Basalt

Greenschist

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1 Definition

1.2 Definition

Basalt is a common extrusive igneous rock formed by the rapid cooling of basaltic lava exposed at or very near the surface of Earth

Greenschist is a metamorphic rock that is formed under lowest temperatures and pressures and is usually produced by regional metamorphism

1.3 History

1.3.1 Origin

Egypt

Unknown

1.3.2 Discoverer

Georgius Agricola

Unknown

1.4 Etymology

From Late Latin Basaltes (variant of basanites ), very hard stone, which was imported from Ancient Greek Basanites

From minerals such as chlorite, serpentine, and epidote, and platy minerals such as muscovite and platy serpentine which are green in color

1.5 Class

Igneous Rocks

Metamorphic Rocks

1.5.1 Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock

1.6 Family

1.6.1 Group

Volcanic

Not Applicable

1.7 Other Categories

Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

2 Texture

2.1 Texture

Glassy, Massive, Porphyritic, Scoriaceous, Vesicular

Foliated, Platy

2.3 Color

Black, Brown, Light to Dark Grey

Dark Greenish - Grey, Green

2.4 Maintenance

Less

2.6 Durability

Durable

2.6.2 Water Resistant

✔ ✘

3.1.1 Scratch Resistant

✔ ✘

3.2.1 Stain Resistant

✔ ✘

3.3.1 Wind Resistant

✔ ✘

3.4.1 Acid Resistant

✔ ✘

3.5 Appearance

Dull and Soft

Layered and Shiny

4 Uses

4.1 Architecture

4.1.1 Interior Uses

Floor Tiles, Homes, Hotels, Kitchens

Bathrooms, Countertops, Decorative Aggregates, Entryways, Homes, Interior Decoration

4.1.3 Exterior Uses

As Building Stone, Paving Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Paving Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings

4.1.5 Other Architectural Uses

Curbing, Whetstones

Curbing

4.2 Industry

4.2.2 Construction Industry

Arrowheads, As Dimension Stone, Cobblestones, Cutting Tool, Rail Track Ballast, Roadstone

As Dimension Stone, Building houses or walls, Cement Manufacture, Cutting Tool, for Road Aggregate, Roadstone

4.3.1 Medical Industry

Not Yet Used

4.4 Antiquity Uses

Artifacts, Monuments

Artifacts

5.2 Other Uses

5.2.1 Commercial Uses

An Oil and Gas Reservoir, Commemorative Tablets, Creating Artwork, Used in aquariums

Blackboards, Manufacture of tools, Writing Slates

6 Types

6.1 Types

Alkaline Basalt, Boninite, High Alumina Basalt, Mid Ocean Ridge Basalt (MORB), Tholeiitic Basalt, Basaltic trachyandesite, Mugearite and Shoshonite

Not Available

6.2 Features

Has High structural resistance against erosion and climate, Very fine grained rock

Easily splits into thin plates, Smooth to touch

6.4 Archaeological Significance

6.4.1 Monuments

Used

Not Yet Used

6.5.1 Famous Monuments

Easter Island in the Polynesian Triangle, Pacific Ocean, Gateway of India in Mumbai, India, Gol Gumbaz in Karnataka, India

Not Applicable

6.6.1 Sculpture

Used

Not Yet Used

7.1.1 Famous Sculptures

Data Not Available

Not Applicable

7.2.1 Pictographs

Used

7.3.2 Petroglyphs

Used

7.3.3 Figurines

Used

Not Yet Used

7.4 Fossils

Absent

8 Formation

8.1 Formation

Basalt forms when lava reaches the Earth's surface near an active volcano. The temperature of lava is between 1100 to 1250° C when it gets to the surface.

Greenschist is medium grade metamorphic rock, formed by the metamorphosis of mudstone or shale, or some types of igneous rock, when it is subjected to higher temperatures and pressures.

8.2 Composition

8.2.1 Mineral Content

Olivine, Plagioclase, Pyroxene

Alusite, Amphibole, Biotite, Chlorite, Epidote, Feldspar, Garnet, Graphite, Hornblade, Kyanite, Micas, Muscovite or Illite, Porphyroblasts, Quartz, Serpentine, Sillimanite, Staurolite, Talc

8.2.3 Compound Content

Aluminium Oxide, CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, FeO, Potassium Oxide, MgO, MnO, Sodium Oxide, Phosphorus Pentoxide, Silicon Dioxide, Titanium Dioxide

CaO, Carbon Dioxide, MgO

8.3 Transformation

8.3.1 Metamorphism

✔ ✘

8.4.1 Types of Metamorphism

Contact Metamorphism

Not Applicable

9.0.2 Weathering

✔ ✘

9.1.1 Types of Weathering

Biological Weathering

Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering

9.2.2 Erosion

✔ ✘

9.2.4 Types of Erosion

Not Available

Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion, Sea Erosion

10 Properties

10.1 Physical Properties

10.1.1 Hardness

63.5-4

1 7

11.1.2 Grain Size

Fine Grained

Medium to Fine Coarse Grained

11.1.3 Fracture

Conchoidal

11.1.5 Streak

White to Grey

White

11.1.7 Porosity

Less Porous

Highly Porous

11.1.9 Luster

Not Available

Shiny

11.1.11 Compressive Strength

37.40 N/mm²NA

0.15 450

11.1.15 Cleavage

Not Available

Slaty

11.1.17 Toughness

2.3

1.5

11.1.19 Specific Gravity

2.8-32.5-2.9

0 8.4

11.1.22 Transparency

Opaque

11.1.23 Density

2.9-3.1 g/cm³2.8-2.9 g/cm³

0 1400

11.3 Thermal Properties

11.3.1 Specific Heat Capacity

0.84 kJ/Kg KNA

0.14 3.2

12.3.1 Resistance

Heat Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant

Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Water Resistant

13 Reserves

13.1 Deposits in Eastern Continents

13.1.1 Asia

India, Russia

Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Japan, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Pakistan, Russia, Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam

13.1.2 Africa

South Africa

Egypt, Ethiopia, Morocco, Nigeria, South Africa

13.1.3 Europe

Iceland

Austria, England, France, Georgia, Germany, Italy, Liechtenstein, Monaco, Norway, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland

13.1.4 Others

Not Yet Found

13.2 Deposits in Western Continents

13.2.1 North America

Canada, USA

Canada, Costa Rica, Cuba, Mexico, Panama, USA

13.2.2 South America

Brazil

Brazil, Colombia, Guyana

13.3 Deposits in Oceania Continent

13.3.1 Australia

Not Yet Found

New South Wales, New Zealand, Queensland

All about Basalt and Greenschist Properties

Know all about Basalt and Greenschist properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Basalt belongs to Igneous Rocks while Greenschist belongs to Metamorphic Rocks.Texture of Basalt is Glassy, Massive, Porphyritic, Scoriaceous, Vesicular whereas that of Greenschist is Foliated, Platy. Basalt appears Dull and Soft and Greenschist appears Layered and Shiny. The luster of Basalt is not available while that of Greenschist is shiny. Basalt is available in black, brown, light to dark grey colors whereas Greenschist is available in dark greenish - grey, green colors. The commercial uses of Basalt are an oil and gas reservoir, commemorative tablets, creating artwork, used in aquariums and that of Greenschist are blackboards, manufacture of tools, writing slates.