Banded iron formation

Anthracite

Banded iron formation vs Anthracite

Banded iron formation

Anthracite

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1 Definition

1.1 Definition

Banded iron formation are distinctive units of sedimentary rock that are almost always of Precambrian age

Anthracite is a type of sedimentary rock which is hard and is variety of coal that has high luster

1.2 History

1.2.1 Origin

Western Australia, Minnesota

Pennsylvania, U.S.

1.2.2 Discoverer

Unknown

1.3 Etymology

From its formation process

From Greek anthrakites, from anthrax, anthrak meaning coal

1.4 Class

Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphic Rocks

1.4.1 Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock

Durable Rock, Soft Rock

1.5 Family

1.5.1 Group

Not Applicable

1.6 Other Categories

Coarse Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

2 Texture

2.1 Texture

Banded, Trellis

Amorphous, Glassy

2.2 Color

Red, Reddish Brown

Black, Brown, Dark Brown, Grey, Light to Dark Grey

2.3 Maintenance

Less

2.4 Durability

Durable

2.4.1 Water Resistant

✔ ✘

2.4.2 Scratch Resistant

✔ ✘

2.4.3 Stain Resistant

✔ ✘

2.4.4 Wind Resistant

✔ ✘

2.4.5 Acid Resistant

✔ ✘

2.5 Appearance

Layered, Banded, Veined and Shiny

Veined or Pebbled

3 Uses

3.1 Architecture

3.1.1 Interior Uses

Decorative Aggregates, Homes

Not Yet Used

3.1.2 Exterior Uses

Paving Stone, Office Buildings

Not Yet Used

3.1.3 Other Architectural Uses

Curbing, Whetstones

Not Yet Used

3.2 Industry

3.2.1 Construction Industry

As Dimension Stone, Used for flooring, stair treads, borders and window sills.

Cement Manufacture, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, Steel Production

3.2.2 Medical Industry

Not Yet Used

In Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industry, Manufacture of Aspirins

3.3 Antiquity Uses

Artifacts

Not Yet Used

3.4 Other Uses

3.4.1 Commercial Uses

As a touchstone, Cemetery Markers, Creating Artwork

Alumina Refineries, Electricity Generation, Liquid Fuel, Manufacture of Soap, Solvents, Dyes, Plastics and Fibres, Paper Industry

4 Types

4.1 Types

Algoma-type , Lake Superior-type, Superior-type and Taconite

Semi-anthracite and Meta-anthracite

4.2 Features

Is one of the oldest rock

Helps in production of Heat and Electricity, Used as fossil fuel

4.3 Archaeological Significance

4.3.1 Monuments

Not Yet Used

4.3.2 Famous Monuments

Not Applicable

4.3.3 Sculpture

Not Yet Used

4.3.4 Famous Sculptures

Not Applicable

4.3.5 Pictographs

Not Used

Used

4.3.6 Petroglyphs

Not Used

Used

4.3.7 Figurines

Not Yet Used

4.4 Fossils

Present

Absent

5 Formation

5.1 Formation

The banded iron layers are formed in sea water when oxygen is released by photosynthetic cyano-bacteria. The oxygen then combines with dissolved iron in ocean to form insoluble iron oxides, which precipitated out, forming a thin layer of banded iron formation on ocean floor.

Anthracite forms from the accumulation of plant debris in a swamp environment. When plant debris dies and falls into the swamp, the standing water of the swamp protects it from decay.

5.2 Composition

5.2.1 Mineral Content

Hematite, Magnetite, Quartz

Calcite, Clay, Clay Minerals

5.2.2 Compound Content

Fe, Iron(III) Oxide, Silicon Dioxide

Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulphur

5.3 Transformation

5.3.1 Metamorphism

✔ ✘

5.3.2 Types of Metamorphism

Not Applicable

Burial Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism

5.3.3 Weathering

✔ ✘

5.3.4 Types of Weathering

Chemical Weathering

Not Applicable

5.3.5 Erosion

✔ ✘

5.3.6 Types of Erosion

Coastal Erosion, Wind Erosion

Not Applicable

6 Properties

6.1 Physical Properties

6.1.1 Hardness

5.5-61-1.5

1 7

6.1.2 Grain Size

Large and Coarse Grained

Medium to Fine Coarse Grained

6.1.3 Fracture

Uneven, Splintery or Conchoidal

Conchoidal

6.1.4 Streak

White

Black

6.1.5 Porosity

Highly Porous

Less Porous

6.1.6 Luster

Earthy

Shiny

6.1.7 Compressive Strength

NANA

0.15 450

6.1.8 Cleavage

Imperfect

Non-Existent

6.1.9 Toughness

1.5

Not Available

6.1.10 Specific Gravity

5.0-5.31.1-1.4

0 8.4

6.1.11 Transparency

Translucent to Opaque

Opaque

6.1.12 Density

Not Available1.25-2.5 g/cm³

0 1400

6.2 Thermal Properties

6.2.1 Specific Heat Capacity

3.20 kJ/Kg K1.32 kJ/Kg K

0.14 3.2

6.2.2 Resistance

Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant

Heat Resistant, Water Resistant

7 Reserves

7.1 Deposits in Eastern Continents

7.1.1 Asia

China, India, Iran, Iraq, Oman, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam

Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Pakistan, Turkey, Vietnam

7.1.2 Africa

Kenya, Morocco, South Africa, Tanzania

Botswana, Kenya, Morocco, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania

7.1.3 Europe

Austria, France, Greece, Italy, Malta, Poland, Portugal, Serbia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom

Belgium, Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Kosovo, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, The Czech Republic, Ukraine, United Kingdom

7.1.4 Others

Greenland, Mid-Atlantic Ridge

Not Yet Found

7.2 Deposits in Western Continents

7.2.1 North America

Canada, Mexico, USA

7.2.2 South America

Bolivia, Brazil

Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela

7.3 Deposits in Oceania Continent

7.3.1 Australia

New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia

New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria

Banded iron formation vs Anthracite Information

Earth’s outer layer is covered by rocks and these rocks have different physical and chemical properties. As two rocks are not same, it’s fun to compare them. You can also know more about Banded iron formation and Anthracite Reserves. Banded iron formation are distinctive units of sedimentary rock that are almost always of Precambrian age. Anthracite is a type of sedimentary rock which is hard and is variety of coal that has high luster. These rocks are composed of many distinct minerals. The process of formation of rocks is different for various rocks. Rocks are quarried from many years for various purposes. You can check out Banded iron formation vs Anthracite information and Banded iron formation vs Anthracite characteristics in the upcoming sections.

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Banded iron formation vs Anthracite Characteristics

Though some rocks look identical, they have certain characteristics which distinguish them from others. Characteristics of rocks include texture, appearance, color, fracture, streak, hardness etc. Banded iron formation vs Anthracite characteristics assist us to distinguish and recognize rocks. Also you can check about Properties of Banded iron formation and Properties of Anthracite. Learn more about Banded iron formation vs Anthracite in the next section. The interior uses of Banded iron formation include Decorative aggregates and Homes whereas the interior uses of Anthracite include Not yet used. Due to some exceptional properties of Banded iron formation and Anthracite, they have various applications in construction industry. The uses of Banded iron formation in construction industry include As dimension stone, Used for flooring, stair treads, borders and window sills. and that of Anthracite include Cement manufacture, For road aggregate, Making natural cement, Steel production.

More about Banded iron formation and Anthracite

Here you can know more about Banded iron formation and Anthracite. The life cycle of a rock consists of formation of rock, composition of rock and transformation of rock. The composition of Banded iron formation and Anthracite consists of mineral content and compound content. The mineral content of Banded iron formation includes Hematite, Magnetite, Quartz and mineral content of Anthracite includes Calcite, Clay, Clay Minerals. You can also check out the list of all Sedimentary Rocks. When we have to compare Banded iron formation vs Anthracite, the texture, color and appearance plays an important role in determining the type of rock. Banded iron formation is available in red, reddish brown colors whereas, Anthracite is available in black, brown, dark brown, grey, light to dark grey colors. Appearance of Banded iron formation is Layered, Banded, Veined and Shiny and that of Anthracite is Veined or Pebbled. Properties of rock is another aspect for Banded iron formation vs Anthracite. The hardness of Banded iron formation is 5.5-6 and that of Anthracite is 1-1.5. The types of Banded iron formation are Algoma-type , Lake Superior-type, Superior-type and Taconite whereas types of Anthracite are Semi-anthracite and Meta-anthracite. Streak of rock is the color of powder produced when it is dragged across an unweathered surface. The streak of Banded iron formation is white while that of Anthracite is black. The specific heat capacity of Banded iron formation is 3.20 kJ/Kg K and that of Anthracite is 1.32 kJ/Kg K. Depending on the properties like hardness, toughness, specific heat capacity, porosity etc., rocks are resistant to heat, wear, impact, etc.Banded iron formation is heat resistant, impact resistant, pressure resistant, wear resistant whereas Anthracite is heat resistant, water resistant.