Banded iron formation

Charnockite

Banded iron formation and Charnockite

Banded iron formation

Charnockite

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Definition

Banded iron formation are distinctive units of sedimentary rock that are almost always of Precambrian age

Charnockite is a variety of granite containing minerals like orthopyroxene, quartz, and feldspar

History

Origin

Western Australia, Minnesota

Tamil Nadu, India

Discoverer

Johann Gottlob Lehmann

T. H. Holland

Etymology

From its formation process

From Job Charnock, an administtrator of East India Company

Class

Sedimentary Rocks

Igneous Rocks

Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock

Durable Rock, Hard Rock

Family

Group

Plutonic

Other Categories

Coarse Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Texture

Banded, Trellis

Granular

Color

Red, Reddish Brown

Black, Grey, Orange, Pink, White

Maintenance

Less

Durability

Durable

Water Resistant

✔ ✘

Scratch Resistant

✔ ✘

Stain Resistant

✔ ✘

Wind Resistant

✔ ✘

Acid Resistant

✔ ✘

Appearance

Layered, Banded, Veined and Shiny

Veined or Pebbled

Uses

Architecture

Interior Uses

Decorative Aggregates, Homes

Bathrooms, Countertops, Decorative Aggregates, Entryways, Floor Tiles, Homes, Hotels, Kitchens, Stair Treads

Exterior Uses

Paving Stone, Office Buildings

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Bridges, Paving Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings, Resorts

Other Architectural Uses

Curbing, Whetstones

Curbing

Industry

Construction Industry

As Dimension Stone, Used for flooring, stair treads, borders and window sills.

As Dimension Stone

Medical Industry

Antiquity Uses

Artifacts

Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines

Other Uses

Commercial Uses

As a touchstone, Cemetery Markers, Creating Artwork

Curling, Gemstone, Laboratory bench tops, Tombstones

Types

Algoma-type , Lake Superior-type, Superior-type and Taconite

Enderbite

Features

Is one of the oldest rock

Available in Lots of Colors and Patterns, It is One of the Oldest, Strongest and Hardest Rock

Archaeological Significance

Monuments

Famous Monuments

Sculpture

Famous Sculptures

Pictographs

Petroglyphs

Figurines

Fossils

Present

Absent

Formation

The banded iron layers are formed in sea water when oxygen is released by photosynthetic cyano-bacteria. The oxygen then combines with dissolved iron in ocean to form insoluble iron oxides, which precipitated out, forming a thin layer of banded iron formation on ocean floor.

Charnockite is an intrusive igneous rock which is very hard and is formed due to weathering of existing rocks.

Composition

Mineral Content

Hematite, Magnetite, Quartz

Amphibole, Biotite, Feldspar, Hornblade, Micas, Muscovite or Illite, Olivine, Plagioclase, Pyroxene, Quartz

Compound Content

Fe, Iron(III) Oxide, Silicon Dioxide

Aluminium Oxide, CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, FeO, Potassium Oxide, MgO, MnO, Sodium Oxide, Phosphorus Pentoxide, Silicon Dioxide, Titanium Dioxide

Transformation

Metamorphism

✔ ✘

Types of Metamorphism

Burial Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism

Weathering

✔ ✘

Types of Weathering

Chemical Weathering

Biological Weathering

Erosion

✔ ✘

Types of Erosion

Coastal Erosion, Wind Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion

Properties

Physical Properties

Hardness

5.5-66-7

1 7

👆🏻

Grain Size

Large and Coarse Grained

Coarse Grained

Fracture

Uneven, Splintery or Conchoidal

Streak

White

Porosity

Highly Porous

Very Less Porous

Luster

Earthy

Compressive Strength

220.00 N/mm²190.00 N/mm²

0.15 450

👆🏻

Cleavage

Toughness

1.5

Specific Gravity

5.0-5.3-9999

0 8.4

👆🏻

Transparency

Translucent to Opaque

Opaque

Density

-9999 g/cm³2.6 g/cm³

0 1400

👆🏻

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat Capacity

3.20 kJ/Kg K0.84 kJ/Kg K

0.14 3.2

👆🏻

Resistance

Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant

Heat Resistant, Wear Resistant

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents

Asia

China, India, Iran, Iraq, Oman, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam

India

Africa

Kenya, Morocco, South Africa, Tanzania

East Africa, Ethiopia, Madagascar, Morocco, Mozambique

Europe

Austria, France, Greece, Italy, Malta, Poland, Portugal, Serbia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom

Albania, Romania, Scotland, United Kingdom

Others

Greenland, Mid-Atlantic Ridge

Deposits in Western Continents

North America

Canada, Mexico, USA

USA

South America

Bolivia, Brazil

Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela

Deposits in Oceania Continent

Australia

New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia

Central Australia, Western Australia

All about Banded iron formation and Charnockite Properties

Know all about Banded iron formation and Charnockite properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Banded iron formation belongs to Sedimentary Rocks while Charnockite belongs to Igneous Rocks.Texture of Banded iron formation is Banded, Trellis whereas that of Charnockite is Granular. Banded iron formation appears Layered, Banded, Veined and Shiny and Charnockite appears Veined or Pebbled. The luster of Banded iron formation is earthy while that of Charnockite is . Banded iron formation is available in red, reddish brown colors whereas Charnockite is available in black, grey, orange, pink, white colors. The commercial uses of Banded iron formation are as a touchstone, cemetery markers, creating artwork and that of Charnockite are curling, gemstone, laboratory bench tops, tombstones.