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Anthracite and Migmatite


Migmatite and Anthracite


Definition

Definition
Anthracite is a type of sedimentary rock which is hard and is variety of coal that has high luster   
Migmatite is typically a granitic rock within a metamorphic host rock which is composed of two intermingled but distinguishable components   

History
  
  

Origin
Pennsylvania, U.S.   
Southern Alps, France   

Discoverer
Unknown   
Jakob Sederholm   

Etymology
From Greek anthrakites, from anthrax, anthrak meaning coal   
From the Greek word migma which means a mixture   

Class
Metamorphic Rocks   
Metamorphic Rocks   

Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Soft Rock   
Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock   

Family
  
  

Group
Not Applicable   
Not Applicable   

Other Categories
Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock   
Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock   

Texture

Texture
Amorphous, Glassy   
Foliated   

Color
Black, Brown, Dark Brown, Grey, Light to Dark Grey   
Black, Bluish - Grey, Brown, Brown- Black, Dark Greenish - Grey, Dark Grey to Black   

Maintenance
Less   
More   

Durability
Durable   
Durable   

Water Resistant
No   
Yes   

Scratch Resistant
No   
Yes   

Stain Resistant
No   
No   

Wind Resistant
No   
No   

Acid Resistant
No   
No   

Appearance
Veined or Pebbled   
Dull, Banded and Foilated   

Uses

Architecture
  
  

Interior Uses
Not Yet Used   
Countertops, Flooring, Kitchens   

Exterior Uses
Not Yet Used   
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone   

Other Architectural Uses
Not Yet Used   
Curbing   

Industry
  
  

Construction Industry
Cement Manufacture, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, Steel Production   
As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement   

Medical Industry
In Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industry, Manufacture of Aspirins   
Not Yet Used   

Antiquity Uses
Not Yet Used   
Artifacts   

Other Uses
  
  

Commercial Uses
Alumina Refineries, Electricity Generation, Liquid Fuel, Manufacture of Soap, Solvents, Dyes, Plastics and Fibres, Paper Industry   
Cemetery Markers, Jewelry, Tombstones, Used to manufracture paperweights and bookends   

Types

Types
Semi-anthracite and Meta-anthracite   
Diatexites and Metatexites   

Features
Helps in production of Heat and Electricity, Used as fossil fuel   
Generally rough to touch, Is one of the oldest rock   

Archaeological Significance
  
  

Monuments
Not Yet Used   
Not Yet Used   

Famous Monuments
Not Applicable   
Not Applicable   

Sculpture
Not Yet Used   
Not Yet Used   

Famous Sculptures
Not Applicable   
Not Applicable   

Pictographs
Used   
Used   

Petroglyphs
Used   
Used   

Figurines
Not Yet Used   
Not Yet Used   

Fossils
Absent   
Absent   

Formation

Formation
Anthracite forms from the accumulation of plant debris in a swamp environment. When plant debris dies and falls into the swamp, the standing water of the swamp protects it from decay.   
Migmatites form by high temperature regional and thermal metamorphism of protolith rocks where rocks melt partially due to high temperature.   

Composition
  
  

Mineral Content
Calcite, Clay, Clay Minerals   
Biotite, Chlorite, Feldspar, Garnet, Graphite, Hornblade, Micas, Muscovite or Illite, Quartz, Quartzite, Silica, Zircon   

Compound Content
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulphur   
Aluminium Oxide, NaCl, CaO, Carbon Dioxide, Iron(III) Oxide, FeO, Potassium Oxide, Magnesium Carbonate, MgO, MnO, Phosphorus Pentoxide, Silicon Dioxide, Titanium Dioxide   

Transformation
  
  

Metamorphism
Yes   
Yes   

Types of Metamorphism
Burial Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism   
Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism   

Weathering
No   
Yes   

Types of Weathering
Not Applicable   
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering   

Erosion
No   
Yes   

Types of Erosion
Not Applicable   
Chemical Erosion, Glacier Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion   

Properties

Physical Properties
  
  

Hardness
1-1.5   
5.5-6.5   

Grain Size
Medium to Fine Coarse Grained   
Medium to Fine Coarse Grained   

Fracture
Conchoidal   
Irregular   

Streak
Black   
White   

Porosity
Less Porous   
Very Less Porous   

Luster
Shiny   
Dull to Pearly to Subvitreous   

Cleavage
Non-Existent   
Poor   

Toughness
Not Available   
1.2   

Specific Gravity
1.1-1.4   
2.65-2.75   

Transparency
Opaque   
Opaque   

Density
1.25-2.5 g/cm3   
Not Available   

Thermal Properties
  
  

Specific Heat Capacity
1.32 kJ/Kg K   
4
Not Available   

Resistance
Heat Resistant, Water Resistant   
Heat Resistant, Pressure Resistant   

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents
  
  

Asia
Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Pakistan, Turkey, Vietnam   
China, India, Iran, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russia   

Africa
Botswana, Kenya, Morocco, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania   
Cameroon, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Tanzania, Togo   

Europe
Belgium, Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Kosovo, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, The Czech Republic, Ukraine, United Kingdom   
Albania, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Kosovo, Monaco, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom   

Others
Not Yet Found   
Not Yet Found   

Deposits in Western Continents
  
  

North America
Canada, Mexico, USA   
Canada, Costa Rica, Cuba, Mexico, Panama, USA   

South America
Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela   
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela   

Deposits in Oceania Continent
  
  

Australia
New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria   
New South Wales, New Zealand, Queensland, Victoria   

Summary >>
<< Reserves

All about Anthracite and Migmatite Properties

Know all about Anthracite and Migmatite properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Anthracite and Migmatite belong to Metamorphic Rocks.Texture of Anthracite is Amorphous, Glassy whereas that of Migmatite is Foliated. Anthracite appears Veined or Pebbled and Migmatite appears Dull, Banded and Foilated. The luster of Anthracite is shiny while that of Migmatite is dull to pearly to subvitreous. Anthracite is available in black, brown, dark brown, grey, light to dark grey colors whereas Migmatite is available in black, bluish - grey, brown, brown- black, dark greenish - grey, dark grey to black colors. The commercial uses of Anthracite are alumina refineries, electricity generation, liquid fuel, manufacture of soap, solvents, dyes, plastics and fibres, paper industry and that of Migmatite are cemetery markers, jewelry, tombstones, used to manufracture paperweights and bookends.

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