Anthracite and Icelandite

Anthracite

Icelandite

Icelandite and Anthracite

Definition

Anthracite is a type of sedimentary rock which is hard and is variety of coal that has high luster

Icelandite belongs to volcanic igneous rocks which is rich in iron and belongs to andesite rock

History

Origin

Pennsylvania, U.S.

Iceland

Discoverer

Unknown

Ian S. E. Carmichael

Etymology

From Greek anthrakites, from anthrax, anthrak meaning coal

From its origin place near Cenozoic volcano near the parsonage Þingmúli in East Iceland

Class

Metamorphic Rocks

Igneous Rocks

Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Soft Rock

Durable Rock, Hard Rock

Family

Group

Not Applicable

Volcanic

Other Categories

Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Texture

Amorphous, Glassy

Aphanitic to Porphyritic

Color

Black, Brown, Dark Brown, Grey, Light to Dark Grey

Bluish - Grey, Grey, Pink, Yellow

Maintenance

Less

Durability

Durable

Water Resistant

Yes

Scratch Resistant

Yes

Stain Resistant

Wind Resistant

Yes

Acid Resistant

Appearance

Veined or Pebbled

Dull and Soft

Uses

Architecture

Interior Uses

Not Yet Used

Decorative Aggregates, Floor Tiles, Homes, Interior Decoration, Kitchens

Exterior Uses

Not Yet Used

Office Buildings, Roof Tiles

Other Architectural Uses

Not Yet Used

Curbing

Industry

Construction Industry

Cement Manufacture, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, Steel Production

Cobblestones, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate

Medical Industry

In Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industry, Manufacture of Aspirins

Not Yet Used

Antiquity Uses

Not Yet Used

Artifacts, Jewellery, Sculpture, Small Figurines

Other Uses

Commercial Uses

Alumina Refineries, Electricity Generation, Liquid Fuel, Manufacture of Soap, Solvents, Dyes, Plastics and Fibres, Paper Industry

Cemetery Markers, Creating Artwork

Types

Semi-anthracite and Meta-anthracite

Not Available

Features

Helps in production of Heat and Electricity, Used as fossil fuel

Generally rough to touch, High silica content, Is one of the oldest rock

Archaeological Significance

Monuments

Not Yet Used

Famous Monuments

Not Applicable

Sculpture

Not Yet Used

Used

Famous Sculptures

Not Applicable

Data Not Available

Pictographs

Used

Not Used

Petroglyphs

Used

Not Used

Figurines

Not Yet Used

Used

Fossils

Absent

Formation

Anthracite forms from the accumulation of plant debris in a swamp environment. When plant debris dies and falls into the swamp, the standing water of the swamp protects it from decay.

Icelandite is a fine-grained, hard rock which is a type of metasomatite, essentially altered basalt. It forms with or without crystallization, either below the surface as intrusive rocks or on the surface as extrusive rocks.

Composition

Mineral Content

Calcite, Clay, Clay Minerals

Amphibole, Apatite, Biotite, Feldspar, Garnet, Hornblade, Ilmenite, Magnetite, Plagioclase, Pyroxene, Quartz, Zircon

Compound Content

Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulphur

Silicon Dioxide

Transformation

Metamorphism

Yes

Types of Metamorphism

Burial Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism

Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Hydrothermal Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism

Weathering

Yes

Types of Weathering

Not Applicable

Biological Weathering

Erosion

Yes

Types of Erosion

Not Applicable

Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion

Properties

Physical Properties

Hardness

1-1.5

Grain Size

Medium to Fine Coarse Grained

Very fine-grained

Fracture

Conchoidal

Uneven

Streak

Black

White

Porosity

Less Porous

Luster

Shiny

Vitreous

Cleavage

Non-Existent

Not Available

Toughness

Not Available

1.1

Specific Gravity

1.1-1.4

2.5-2.8

Transparency

Opaque

Density

1.25-2.5 g/cm³

2.11-2.36 g/cm³

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat Capacity

1.32 kJ/Kg K

2.39 kJ/Kg K

Resistance

Heat Resistant, Water Resistant

Heat Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Scratch Resistant, Wear Resistant

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents

Asia

Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Pakistan, Turkey, Vietnam

India, Indonesia, Japan, Nepal, South Korea

Africa

Botswana, Kenya, Morocco, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania

Egypt, Ethiopia, Morocco, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania

Europe

Belgium, Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Kosovo, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, The Czech Republic, Ukraine, United Kingdom

Austria, Finland, Germany, Italy, Romania, Turkey, United Kingdom

Others

Not Yet Found

Deposits in Western Continents

North America

Canada, Mexico, USA

Mexico, USA

South America

Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela

Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela

Deposits in Oceania Continent

Australia

New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria

New South Wales, New Zealand, Western Australia

Summary >>

<< Reserves

All about Anthracite and Icelandite Properties

Know all about Anthracite and Icelandite properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Anthracite belongs to Metamorphic Rocks while Icelandite belongs to Igneous Rocks.Texture of Anthracite is Amorphous, Glassy whereas that of Icelandite is Aphanitic to Porphyritic. Anthracite appears Veined or Pebbled and Icelandite appears Dull and Soft. The luster of Anthracite is shiny while that of Icelandite is vitreous. Anthracite is available in black, brown, dark brown, grey, light to dark grey colors whereas Icelandite is available in bluish - grey, grey, pink, yellow colors. The commercial uses of Anthracite are alumina refineries, electricity generation, liquid fuel, manufacture of soap, solvents, dyes, plastics and fibres, paper industry and that of Icelandite are cemetery markers, creating artwork.