Anthracite and Evaporite
Definition
Definition
Anthracite is a type of sedimentary rock which is hard and is variety of coal that has high luster
A water-soluble mineral sediment resulting from concentration and crystallization by evaporation from an aqueous solution
History
Origin
Pennsylvania, U.S.
USA
Discoverer
Unknown
Usiglio
Etymology
From Greek anthrakites, from anthrax, anthrak meaning coal
From a sediment left after the evaporation
Class
Metamorphic Rocks
Sedimentary Rocks
Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Soft Rock
Durable Rock, Soft Rock
Family
Group
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Other Categories
Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
Texture
Texture
Amorphous, Glassy
Earthy
Color
Black, Brown, Dark Brown, Grey, Light to Dark Grey
Green, Grey, Silver, White
Maintenance
Less
Less
Durability
Durable
Durable
Water Resistant
No
Yes
Scratch Resistant
No
No
Stain Resistant
No
No
Wind Resistant
No
Yes
Acid Resistant
No
No
Appearance
Veined or Pebbled
Glassy, Vesicular and Foilated
Uses
Architecture
Interior Uses
Not Available
Decorative Aggregates, Entryways, Flooring, Homes, Interior Decoration
Exterior Uses
Not Available
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Paving Stone
Other Architectural Uses
Not Available
Curbing
Industry
Construction Industry
Cement Manufacture, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, Steel Production
As a Flux in the Production of Steel and Pig Iron, As a Sintering Agent in Steel Industry to process Iron Ore, As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, Manufacture of Magnesium and Dolomite Refractories
Medical Industry
In Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industry, Manufacture of Aspirins
Taken as a Supplement for Calcium or Magnesium
Antiquity Uses
Not Available
Artifacts
Other Uses
Commercial Uses
Alumina Refineries, Electricity Generation, Liquid Fuel, Manufacture of Soap, Solvents, Dyes, Plastics and Fibres, Paper Industry
Used in the manufacture of Ceramic Powder, Used in the preparation of Sulfuric Acid and Silicon Diborite
Types
Types
Semi-anthracite and Meta-anthracite
Not Available
Features
Helps in production of Heat and Electricity, Used as fossil fuel
Generally rough to touch, Splintery, Veined
Archaeological Significance
Monuments
Not Yet Used
Not Yet Used
Famous Monuments
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Sculpture
Not Yet Used
Not Yet Used
Famous Sculptures
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Pictographs
Used
Used
Petroglyphs
Used
Used
Figurines
Not Yet Used
Not Yet Used
Fossils
Absent
Present
Formation
Formation
Anthracite forms from the accumulation of plant debris in a swamp environment. When plant debris dies and falls into the swamp, the standing water of the swamp protects it from decay.
Evaporite is water-soluble mineral sediment which forms from concentration and crystallization by evaporation from an aqueous solution.
Composition
Mineral Content
Calcite, Clay, Clay Minerals
Calcite, Cancrinite, Gypsum, Kyanite, Magnetite
Compound Content
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulphur
CaMg(CO3)2, CaO, Calcium Sulfate, KCl, MgO, NaCl
Transformation
Metamorphism
Yes
Yes
Types of Metamorphism
Burial Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism
Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism
Weathering
No
No
Types of Weathering
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Erosion
No
No
Types of Erosion
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Properties
Physical Properties
Hardness
1-1.5
2-3
Grain Size
Medium to Fine Coarse Grained
Medium to Fine Coarse Grained
Fracture
Conchoidal
Conchoidal
Streak
Black
White
Porosity
Less Porous
Less Porous
Luster
Shiny
Subvitreous to Dull
Compressive Strength
Not Available
225.00 N/mm2
7
Cleavage
Not Available
Perfect
Toughness
Not Available
Not Available
Specific Gravity
1.1-1.4
2.86-2.99
Transparency
Opaque
Translucent
Density
1.25-2.5 g/cm3
2.8-2.9 g/cm3
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat Capacity
1.32 kJ/Kg K
4
0.92 kJ/Kg K
10
Resistance
Heat Resistant, Water Resistant
Heat Resistant, Pressure Resistant
Reserves
Deposits in Eastern Continents
Asia
Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Pakistan, Turkey, Vietnam
Not Available
Africa
Botswana, Kenya, Morocco, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania
Not Available
Europe
Belgium, Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Kosovo, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, The Czech Republic, Ukraine, United Kingdom
United Kingdom
Others
Not Available
Not Available
Deposits in Western Continents
North America
Canada, Mexico, USA
USA
South America
Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela
Colombia, Paraguay
Deposits in Oceania Continent
Australia
New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria
Central Australia, Western Australia
All about Anthracite and Evaporite Properties
Know all about Anthracite and Evaporite properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Anthracite belongs to Metamorphic Rocks while Evaporite belongs to Sedimentary Rocks.Texture of Anthracite is Amorphous, Glassy whereas that of Evaporite is Earthy. Anthracite appears Veined or Pebbled and Evaporite appears Glassy, Vesicular and Foilated. The luster of Anthracite is shiny while that of Evaporite is subvitreous to dull. Anthracite is available in black, brown, dark brown, grey, light to dark grey colors whereas Evaporite is available in green, grey, silver, white colors. The commercial uses of Anthracite are alumina refineries, electricity generation, liquid fuel, manufacture of soap, solvents, dyes, plastics and fibres, paper industry and that of Evaporite are used in the manufacture of ceramic powder, used in the preparation of sulfuric acid and silicon diborite.
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