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Anthracite and Conglomerate


Conglomerate and Anthracite


Definition

Definition
Anthracite is a type of sedimentary rock which is hard and is variety of coal that has high luster   
Conglomerate is a sedimentary rock which forms from rounded gravel and boulder sized clasts which are cemented together in a matrix   

History
  
  

Origin
Pennsylvania, U.S.   
Italy   

Discoverer
Unknown   
Unknown   

Etymology
From Greek anthrakites, from anthrax, anthrak meaning coal   
From Latin conglomeratus, to roll together, i.e. from com together + glomerare to gather into a ball, from glomus (genitive glomeris) a ball   

Class
Metamorphic Rocks   
Sedimentary Rocks   

Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Soft Rock   
Durable Rock, Soft Rock   

Family
  
  

Group
Not Applicable   
Not Applicable   

Other Categories
Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock   
Coarse Grained Rock, Opaque Rock   

Texture

Texture
Amorphous, Glassy   
Clastic   

Color
Black, Brown, Dark Brown, Grey, Light to Dark Grey   
Beige, Black, Brown, Buff, Light to Dark Grey, Orange, Rust, White, Yellow   

Maintenance
Less   
More   

Durability
Durable   
Durable   

Water Resistant
No   
No   

Scratch Resistant
No   
Yes   

Stain Resistant
No   
No   

Wind Resistant
No   
No   

Acid Resistant
No   
No   

Appearance
Veined or Pebbled   
Shiny and Rounded   

Uses

Architecture
  
  

Interior Uses
Not Yet Used   
Decorative Aggregates, Floor Tiles, Homes   

Exterior Uses
Not Yet Used   
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings, Roof Tiles   

Other Architectural Uses
Not Yet Used   
Curbing   

Industry
  
  

Construction Industry
Cement Manufacture, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, Steel Production   
As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Roadstone   

Medical Industry
In Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industry, Manufacture of Aspirins   
Not Yet Used   

Antiquity Uses
Not Yet Used   
Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines   

Other Uses
  
  

Commercial Uses
Alumina Refineries, Electricity Generation, Liquid Fuel, Manufacture of Soap, Solvents, Dyes, Plastics and Fibres, Paper Industry   
Cemetery Markers, In aquifers, Tombstones   

Types

Types
Semi-anthracite and Meta-anthracite   
Not Available   

Features
Helps in production of Heat and Electricity, Used as fossil fuel   
Clasts are smooth to touch, Is one of the oldest rock, Matrix variable   

Archaeological Significance
  
  

Monuments
Not Yet Used   
Used   

Famous Monuments
Not Applicable   
Data Not Available   

Sculpture
Not Yet Used   
Used   

Famous Sculptures
Not Applicable   
Data Not Available   

Pictographs
Used   
Used   

Petroglyphs
Used   
Used   

Figurines
Not Yet Used   
Used   

Fossils
Absent   
Present   

Formation

Formation
Anthracite forms from the accumulation of plant debris in a swamp environment. When plant debris dies and falls into the swamp, the standing water of the swamp protects it from decay.   
Conglomerate forms where sediments consisting mainly of pebble and cobble-size clasts at least two millimeters in diameter starts accumulating.   

Composition
  
  

Mineral Content
Calcite, Clay, Clay Minerals   
Clay, Sand, Silica, Silt   

Compound Content
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulphur   
NaCl, CaO   

Transformation
  
  

Metamorphism
Yes   
Yes   

Types of Metamorphism
Burial Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism   
Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism   

Weathering
No   
No   

Types of Weathering
Not Applicable   
Not Applicable   

Erosion
No   
No   

Types of Erosion
Not Applicable   
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion   

Properties

Physical Properties
  
  

Hardness
1-1.5   
2-3   

Grain Size
Medium to Fine Coarse Grained   
Coarse Grained   

Fracture
Conchoidal   
Uneven   

Streak
Black   
White   

Porosity
Less Porous   
Highly Porous   

Luster
Shiny   
Dull   

Cleavage
Non-Existent   
Non-Existent   

Toughness
Not Available   
Not Available   

Specific Gravity
1.1-1.4   
2.86-2.88   

Transparency
Opaque   
Opaque   

Density
1.25-2.5 g/cm3   
1.7-2.3 g/cm3   

Thermal Properties
  
  

Specific Heat Capacity
1.32 kJ/Kg K   
4
0.92 kJ/Kg K   
10

Resistance
Heat Resistant, Water Resistant   
Heat Resistant   

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents
  
  

Asia
Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Pakistan, Turkey, Vietnam   
China, India, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia, Uzbekistan   

Africa
Botswana, Kenya, Morocco, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania   
Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa   

Europe
Belgium, Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Kosovo, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, The Czech Republic, Ukraine, United Kingdom   
Austria, Denmark, Germany, Great Britain, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom   

Others
Not Yet Found   
Greenland   

Deposits in Western Continents
  
  

North America
Canada, Mexico, USA   
Canada, USA   

South America
Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela   
Brazil   

Deposits in Oceania Continent
  
  

Australia
New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria   
New South Wales, New Zealand   

Summary >>
<< Reserves

All about Anthracite and Conglomerate Properties

Know all about Anthracite and Conglomerate properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Anthracite belongs to Metamorphic Rocks while Conglomerate belongs to Sedimentary Rocks.Texture of Anthracite is Amorphous, Glassy whereas that of Conglomerate is Clastic. Anthracite appears Veined or Pebbled and Conglomerate appears Shiny and Rounded. The luster of Anthracite is shiny while that of Conglomerate is dull. Anthracite is available in black, brown, dark brown, grey, light to dark grey colors whereas Conglomerate is available in beige, black, brown, buff, light to dark grey, orange, rust, white, yellow colors. The commercial uses of Anthracite are alumina refineries, electricity generation, liquid fuel, manufacture of soap, solvents, dyes, plastics and fibres, paper industry and that of Conglomerate are cemetery markers, in aquifers, tombstones.

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