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Anthracite and Basalt


Basalt and Anthracite


Definition

Definition
Anthracite is a type of sedimentary rock which is hard and is variety of coal that has high luster   
Basalt is a common extrusive igneous rock formed by the rapid cooling of basaltic lava exposed at or very near the surface of Earth   

History
  
  

Origin
Pennsylvania, U.S.   
Egypt   

Discoverer
Unknown   
Georgius Agricola   

Etymology
From Greek anthrakites, from anthrax, anthrak meaning coal   
From Late Latin Basaltes (variant of basanites ), very hard stone, which was imported from Ancient Greek Basanites   

Class
Metamorphic Rocks   
Igneous Rocks   

Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Soft Rock   
Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock   

Family
  
  

Group
Not Applicable   
Volcanic   

Other Categories
Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock   
Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock   

Texture

Texture
Amorphous, Glassy   
Glassy, Massive, Porphyritic, Scoriaceous, Vesicular   

Color
Black, Brown, Dark Brown, Grey, Light to Dark Grey   
Black, Brown, Light to Dark Grey   

Maintenance
Less   
More   

Durability
Durable   
Durable   

Water Resistant
No   
No   

Scratch Resistant
No   
Yes   

Stain Resistant
No   
Yes   

Wind Resistant
No   
No   

Acid Resistant
No   
Yes   

Appearance
Veined or Pebbled   
Dull and Soft   

Uses

Architecture
  
  

Interior Uses
Not Yet Used   
Floor Tiles, Homes, Hotels, Kitchens   

Exterior Uses
Not Yet Used   
As Building Stone, Paving Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings   

Other Architectural Uses
Not Yet Used   
Curbing, Whetstones   

Industry
  
  

Construction Industry
Cement Manufacture, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, Steel Production   
Arrowheads, As Dimension Stone, Cobblestones, Cutting Tool, Rail Track Ballast, Roadstone   

Medical Industry
In Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industry, Manufacture of Aspirins   
Not Yet Used   

Antiquity Uses
Not Yet Used   
Artifacts, Monuments   

Other Uses
  
  

Commercial Uses
Alumina Refineries, Electricity Generation, Liquid Fuel, Manufacture of Soap, Solvents, Dyes, Plastics and Fibres, Paper Industry   
An Oil and Gas Reservoir, Commemorative Tablets, Creating Artwork, Used in aquariums   

Types

Types
Semi-anthracite and Meta-anthracite   
Alkaline Basalt, Boninite, High Alumina Basalt, Mid Ocean Ridge Basalt (MORB), Tholeiitic Basalt, Basaltic trachyandesite, Mugearite and Shoshonite   

Features
Helps in production of Heat and Electricity, Used as fossil fuel   
Has High structural resistance against erosion and climate, Very fine grained rock   

Archaeological Significance
  
  

Monuments
Not Yet Used   
Used   

Famous Monuments
Not Applicable   
Easter Island in the Polynesian Triangle, Pacific Ocean, Gateway of India in Mumbai, India, Gol Gumbaz in Karnataka, India   

Sculpture
Not Yet Used   
Used   

Famous Sculptures
Not Applicable   
Data Not Available   

Pictographs
Used   
Used   

Petroglyphs
Used   
Used   

Figurines
Not Yet Used   
Used   

Fossils
Absent   
Absent   

Formation

Formation
Anthracite forms from the accumulation of plant debris in a swamp environment. When plant debris dies and falls into the swamp, the standing water of the swamp protects it from decay.   
Basalt forms when lava reaches the Earth's surface near an active volcano. The temperature of lava is between 1100 to 1250° C when it gets to the surface.   

Composition
  
  

Mineral Content
Calcite, Clay, Clay Minerals   
Olivine, Plagioclase, Pyroxene   

Compound Content
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulphur   
Aluminium Oxide, CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, FeO, Potassium Oxide, MgO, MnO, Sodium Oxide, Phosphorus Pentoxide, Silicon Dioxide, Titanium Dioxide   

Transformation
  
  

Metamorphism
Yes   
Yes   

Types of Metamorphism
Burial Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism   
Contact Metamorphism   

Weathering
No   
Yes   

Types of Weathering
Not Applicable   
Biological Weathering   

Erosion
No   
No   

Types of Erosion
Not Applicable   
Not Available   

Properties

Physical Properties
  
  

Hardness
1-1.5   
6   

Grain Size
Medium to Fine Coarse Grained   
Fine Grained   

Fracture
Conchoidal   
Conchoidal   

Streak
Black   
White to Grey   

Porosity
Less Porous   
Less Porous   

Luster
Shiny   
Not Available   

Compressive Strength
Not Available   
37.40 N/mm2   
28

Cleavage
Non-Existent   
Not Available   

Toughness
Not Available   
2.3   

Specific Gravity
1.1-1.4   
2.8-3   

Transparency
Opaque   
Opaque   

Density
1.25-2.5 g/cm3   
2.9-3.1 g/cm3   

Thermal Properties
  
  

Specific Heat Capacity
1.32 kJ/Kg K   
4
0.84 kJ/Kg K   
15

Resistance
Heat Resistant, Water Resistant   
Heat Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant   

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents
  
  

Asia
Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Pakistan, Turkey, Vietnam   
India, Russia   

Africa
Botswana, Kenya, Morocco, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania   
South Africa   

Europe
Belgium, Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Kosovo, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, The Czech Republic, Ukraine, United Kingdom   
Iceland   

Others
Not Yet Found   
Not Yet Found   

Deposits in Western Continents
  
  

North America
Canada, Mexico, USA   
Canada, USA   

South America
Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela   
Brazil   

Deposits in Oceania Continent
  
  

Australia
New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria   
Not Yet Found   

Summary >>
<< Reserves

All about Anthracite and Basalt Properties

Know all about Anthracite and Basalt properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Anthracite belongs to Metamorphic Rocks while Basalt belongs to Igneous Rocks.Texture of Anthracite is Amorphous, Glassy whereas that of Basalt is Glassy, Massive, Porphyritic, Scoriaceous, Vesicular. Anthracite appears Veined or Pebbled and Basalt appears Dull and Soft. The luster of Anthracite is shiny while that of Basalt is not available. Anthracite and Basalt are available in black, brown, dark brown, grey, light to dark grey colors. The commercial uses of Anthracite are alumina refineries, electricity generation, liquid fuel, manufacture of soap, solvents, dyes, plastics and fibres, paper industry and that of Basalt are an oil and gas reservoir, commemorative tablets, creating artwork, used in aquariums.

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