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Anthracite and Anorthosite


Anorthosite and Anthracite


Definition

Definition
Anthracite is a type of sedimentary rock which is hard and is variety of coal that has high luster   
Anorthosite is a granular igneous rock composed largely of labradorite or plagioclase   

History
  
  

Origin
Pennsylvania, U.S.   
Unknown   

Discoverer
Unknown   
Unknown   

Etymology
From Greek anthrakites, from anthrax, anthrak meaning coal   
From French anorthose plagioclase + -ite1   

Class
Metamorphic Rocks   
Igneous Rocks   

Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Soft Rock   
Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock   

Family
  
  

Group
Not Applicable   
Plutonic   

Other Categories
Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock   
Coarse Grained Rock, Opaque Rock   

Texture

Texture
Amorphous, Glassy   
Foliated, Glassy   

Color
Black, Brown, Dark Brown, Grey, Light to Dark Grey   
Black, Bluish - Grey, Brown, Green, Grey, Light Greenish Grey, Pink, White   

Maintenance
Less   
Less   

Durability
Durable   
Durable   

Water Resistant
No   
Yes   

Scratch Resistant
No   
No   

Stain Resistant
No   
No   

Wind Resistant
No   
Yes   

Acid Resistant
No   
No   

Appearance
Veined or Pebbled   
Layered, Banded, Veined and Shiny   

Uses

Architecture
  
  

Interior Uses
Not Yet Used   
Decorative Aggregates, Floor Tiles, Homes, Interior Decoration   

Exterior Uses
Not Yet Used   
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration   

Other Architectural Uses
Not Yet Used   
Curbing   

Industry
  
  

Construction Industry
Cement Manufacture, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, Steel Production   
As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, for Road Aggregate   

Medical Industry
In Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industry, Manufacture of Aspirins   
Not Yet Used   

Antiquity Uses
Not Yet Used   
Artifacts, Sculpture, Small Figurines   

Other Uses
  
  

Commercial Uses
Alumina Refineries, Electricity Generation, Liquid Fuel, Manufacture of Soap, Solvents, Dyes, Plastics and Fibres, Paper Industry   
Creating Artwork, Curling   

Types

Types
Semi-anthracite and Meta-anthracite   
Proterozoic Anorthosite and Archean Anorthosite   

Features
Helps in production of Heat and Electricity, Used as fossil fuel   
Generally rough to touch, Is one of the oldest rock   

Archaeological Significance
  
  

Monuments
Not Yet Used   
Not Yet Used   

Famous Monuments
Not Applicable   
Not Applicable   

Sculpture
Not Yet Used   
Used   

Famous Sculptures
Not Applicable   
Not Applicable   

Pictographs
Used   
Not Used   

Petroglyphs
Used   
Not Used   

Figurines
Not Yet Used   
Used   

Fossils
Absent   
Absent   

Formation

Formation
Anthracite forms from the accumulation of plant debris in a swamp environment. When plant debris dies and falls into the swamp, the standing water of the swamp protects it from decay.   
Anorthosite is a phaneritic, intrusive igneous rock which is characterized by a predominance of plagioclase feldspar which is almost 90–100%, and a minimal mafic component.   

Composition
  
  

Mineral Content
Calcite, Clay, Clay Minerals   
Amphibole, Clinopyroxene, Ilmenite, Magnetite, Olivine, Orthopyroxene   

Compound Content
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulphur   
Ca, CaO, Chromium(III) Oxide, MgO, Sulfur Trioxide   

Transformation
  
  

Metamorphism
Yes   
Yes   

Types of Metamorphism
Burial Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism   
Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism   

Weathering
No   
Yes   

Types of Weathering
Not Applicable   
Biological Weathering   

Erosion
No   
Yes   

Types of Erosion
Not Applicable   
Chemical Erosion, Wind Erosion   

Properties

Physical Properties
  
  

Hardness
1-1.5   
5-6   

Grain Size
Medium to Fine Coarse Grained   
Coarse Grained   

Fracture
Conchoidal   
Irregular   

Streak
Black   
White   

Porosity
Less Porous   
Less Porous   

Luster
Shiny   
Pearly to Subvitreous   

Cleavage
Non-Existent   
Irregular   

Toughness
Not Available   
Not Available   

Specific Gravity
1.1-1.4   
2.62-2.82   

Transparency
Opaque   
Translucent   

Density
1.25-2.5 g/cm3   
2.7-4 g/cm3   

Thermal Properties
  
  

Specific Heat Capacity
1.32 kJ/Kg K   
4
0.84 kJ/Kg K   
15

Resistance
Heat Resistant, Water Resistant   
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Scratch Resistant, Wear Resistant   

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents
  
  

Asia
Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Pakistan, Turkey, Vietnam   
Not Yet Found   

Africa
Botswana, Kenya, Morocco, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania   
Not Yet Found   

Europe
Belgium, Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Kosovo, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, The Czech Republic, Ukraine, United Kingdom   
Bulgaria, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, The Czech Republic   

Others
Not Yet Found   
Not Yet Found   

Deposits in Western Continents
  
  

North America
Canada, Mexico, USA   
Canada   

South America
Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela   
Bolivia, Colombia   

Deposits in Oceania Continent
  
  

Australia
New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria   
Central Australia, South Australia, Western Australia   

Summary >>
<< Reserves

All about Anthracite and Anorthosite Properties

Know all about Anthracite and Anorthosite properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Anthracite belongs to Metamorphic Rocks while Anorthosite belongs to Igneous Rocks.Texture of Anthracite is Amorphous, Glassy whereas that of Anorthosite is Foliated, Glassy. Anthracite appears Veined or Pebbled and Anorthosite appears Layered, Banded, Veined and Shiny. The luster of Anthracite is shiny while that of Anorthosite is pearly to subvitreous. Anthracite is available in black, brown, dark brown, grey, light to dark grey colors whereas Anorthosite is available in black, bluish - grey, brown, green, grey, light greenish grey, pink, white colors. The commercial uses of Anthracite are alumina refineries, electricity generation, liquid fuel, manufacture of soap, solvents, dyes, plastics and fibres, paper industry and that of Anorthosite are creating artwork, curling.

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