Andesite

Pegmatite

Andesite and Pegmatite

Andesite

Pegmatite

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Definition

Andesite is a dark, fine-grained, brown or greyish intermediate volcanic rock which is a commonly found in lava

Pegmatite rock is a holocrystalline, intrusive igneous rock which is composed of interlocking phaneritic crystals

History

Origin

North America

Discoverer

Theodor von Gümbel

R. J. Hauy

Etymology

From Andes mountains, where it is found in abundance

From Greek pegma, pegmat which means- thing joined together + -ite

Class

Igneous Rocks

Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Hard Rock

Family

Group

Volcanic

Plutonic

Other Categories

Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Coarse Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Texture

Aphanitic to Porphyritic

Pegmatitic

Color

Bluish - Grey, Grey, Pink, Yellow

Black, Brown, Cream, Green, Grey, Pink, Red, Rust, Silver, White, Yellow

Maintenance

Less

Durability

Durable

Water Resistant

✔ ✘

Scratch Resistant

✔ ✘

Stain Resistant

✔ ✘

Wind Resistant

✔ ✘

Acid Resistant

✔ ✘

Appearance

Dull and Soft

Layered, Banded, Veined and Shiny

Uses

Architecture

Interior Uses

Decorative Aggregates, Floor Tiles, Homes, Interior Decoration, Kitchens

Decorative Aggregates, Flooring, Interior Decoration

Exterior Uses

Office Buildings, Roof Tiles

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Paving Stone

Other Architectural Uses

Curbing

Industry

Construction Industry

Cobblestones, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate

As Dimension Stone, Building houses or walls, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Landscaping

Medical Industry

Antiquity Uses

Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines

Artifacts, Sculpture, Small Figurines

Other Uses

Commercial Uses

Commemorative Tablets, Creating Artwork

Creating Artwork, Jewelry, Source of corundum, tourmalines, beryls and topaz

Types

Icelandite

Granite Pegmatite, Gabbro Pegmatite and Diorite Pegmatite

Features

Generally rough to touch, High silica content, Is one of the oldest rock

Generally rough to touch, Is one of the oldest rock, Source of corundum, tourmalines, beryls and topaz

Archaeological Significance

Monuments

Famous Monuments

Middle of the Earth in Ecuador

Sculpture

Famous Sculptures

Pictographs

Petroglyphs

Figurines

Fossils

Absent

Formation

Andesite is a fine-grained igneous rock that forms when the magma is erupted onto the surface and is crystallized quickly.

Pegmatite rock is holocrystalline, intrusive igneous rock which is formed by partial melting and dewatering during the process of metamorphism.

Composition

Mineral Content

Amphibole, Apatite, Biotite, Feldspar, Garnet, Hornblade, Ilmenite, Magnetite, Plagioclase, Pyroxene, Zircon

Apatite, Beryl, Feldspar, Fluorite, Garnet, Lepidolite, Quartz, Silica, Spodumene, Topaz

Compound Content

Silicon Dioxide

Aluminium Oxide, CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, FeO, Potassium Oxide, Magnesium Carbonate, MgO, Phosphorus Pentoxide

Transformation

Metamorphism

✔ ✘

Types of Metamorphism

Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Hydrothermal Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism

Weathering

✔ ✘

Types of Weathering

Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering

Erosion

✔ ✘

Types of Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion

Properties

Physical Properties

Hardness

1 7

👆🏻

Grain Size

Very fine-grained

Medium to Coarse Grained

Fracture

Uneven

Conchoidal

Streak

White

Porosity

Less Porous

Luster

Vitreous

Grainy, Pearly and Vitreous

Compressive Strength

225.00 N/mm²178.54 N/mm²

0.15 450

👆🏻

Cleavage

Perfect

Toughness

1.1

2.1

Specific Gravity

2.5-2.82.6-2.63

0 8.4

👆🏻

Transparency

Opaque

Translucent to Opaque

Density

2.11-2.36 g/cm³2.6-2.65 g/cm³

0 1400

👆🏻

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat Capacity

2.39 kJ/Kg K0.79 kJ/Kg K

0.14 3.2

👆🏻

Resistance

Heat Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant

Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents

Asia

India, Indonesia, Japan, Nepal, South Korea

China, India, Iran, Japan, Nepal, North Korea, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Korea

Africa

Egypt, Ethiopia, Morocco, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania

South Africa

Europe

Austria, Finland, Germany, Italy, Romania, Turkey, United Kingdom

Austria, France, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Slovakia, Spain, Turkey, Ukraine

Others

Deposits in Western Continents

North America

Mexico, USA

Canada

South America

Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela

Brazil

Deposits in Oceania Continent

Australia

New South Wales, New Zealand, Western Australia

New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia

All about Andesite and Pegmatite Properties

Know all about Andesite and Pegmatite properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Andesite and Pegmatite belong to Igneous Rocks.Texture of Andesite is Aphanitic to Porphyritic whereas that of Pegmatite is Pegmatitic. Andesite appears Dull and Soft and Pegmatite appears Layered, Banded, Veined and Shiny. The luster of Andesite is vitreous while that of Pegmatite is grainy, pearly and vitreous. Andesite is available in bluish - grey, grey, pink, yellow colors whereas Pegmatite is available in black, brown, cream, green, grey, pink, red, rust, silver, white, yellow colors. The commercial uses of Andesite are commemorative tablets, creating artwork and that of Pegmatite are creating artwork, jewelry, source of corundum, tourmalines, beryls and topaz.