Andesite

Nephelinite

Andesite and Nephelinite

Andesite

Nephelinite

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Definition

Andesite is a dark, fine-grained, brown or greyish intermediate volcanic rock which is a commonly found in lava

Nephelinite is a fine-grained or aphanitic igneous rock made up almost entirely of nepheline and clinopyroxene (variety augite).

History

Origin

North America

Brazil

Discoverer

Theodor von Gümbel

Unknown

Etymology

From Andes mountains, where it is found in abundance

from French néphéline, from Greek nephelē

Class

Igneous Rocks

Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Hard Rock

Family

Group

Volcanic

Plutonic

Other Categories

Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Texture

Aphanitic to Porphyritic

Aphanitic

Color

Bluish - Grey, Grey, Pink, Yellow

Black, Brown, Green, Grey, White

Maintenance

Less

Durability

Durable

Water Resistant

✔ ✘

Scratch Resistant

✔ ✘

Stain Resistant

✔ ✘

Wind Resistant

✔ ✘

Acid Resistant

✔ ✘

Appearance

Dull and Soft

Skeletal

Uses

Architecture

Interior Uses

Decorative Aggregates, Floor Tiles, Homes, Interior Decoration, Kitchens

Decorative Aggregates, Homes, Interior Decoration

Exterior Uses

Office Buildings, Roof Tiles

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings, Paving Stone

Other Architectural Uses

Curbing

Industry

Construction Industry

Cobblestones, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate

As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate

Medical Industry

Antiquity Uses

Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines

Other Uses

Commercial Uses

Commemorative Tablets, Creating Artwork

Creating Artwork, Soil Conditioner, Source of Magnesia (MgO)

Types

Icelandite

Peralkaline Nephelinite

Features

Generally rough to touch, High silica content, Is one of the oldest rock

Host Rock for Lead

Archaeological Significance

Monuments

Famous Monuments

Middle of the Earth in Ecuador

Sculpture

Famous Sculptures

Pictographs

Petroglyphs

Figurines

Fossils

Absent

Formation

Andesite is a fine-grained igneous rock that forms when the magma is erupted onto the surface and is crystallized quickly.

Nephelinite is a fine-grained, hard rock which is a type of metasomatite, essentially altered basalt. It forms with or without crystallization, either below the surface as intrusive rocks or on the surface as extrusive rocks.

Composition

Mineral Content

Amphibole, Apatite, Biotite, Feldspar, Garnet, Hornblade, Ilmenite, Magnetite, Plagioclase, Pyroxene, Zircon

Clinopyroxene, Nepheline, Plagioclase

Compound Content

Silicon Dioxide

Ca, CaO, Carbon, Cl, MgO

Transformation

Metamorphism

✔ ✘

Types of Metamorphism

Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Hydrothermal Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism

Contact Metamorphism

Weathering

✔ ✘

Types of Weathering

Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering

Erosion

✔ ✘

Types of Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion

Properties

Physical Properties

Hardness

76.5

1 7

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Grain Size

Very fine-grained

Fine Grained

Fracture

Uneven

Flat

Streak

White

Porosity

Less Porous

Luster

Vitreous

Vitreous to Metallic

Compressive Strength

225.00 N/mm²35.00 N/mm²

0.15 450

👆🏻

Cleavage

Toughness

1.1

2.7

Specific Gravity

2.5-2.82.4-2.9

0 8.4

👆🏻

Transparency

Opaque

Density

2.11-2.36 g/cm³2.5-3 g/cm³

0 1400

👆🏻

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat Capacity

2.39 kJ/Kg K0.88 kJ/Kg K

0.14 3.2

👆🏻

Resistance

Heat Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant

Heat Resistant

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents

Asia

India, Indonesia, Japan, Nepal, South Korea

Japan

Africa

Egypt, Ethiopia, Morocco, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania

Rwanda, Tanzania

Europe

Austria, Finland, Germany, Italy, Romania, Turkey, United Kingdom

Others

Hawaii Islands

Deposits in Western Continents

North America

Mexico, USA

Canada, USA

South America

Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela

Colombia

Deposits in Oceania Continent

Australia

New South Wales, New Zealand, Western Australia

All about Andesite and Nephelinite Properties

Know all about Andesite and Nephelinite properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Andesite and Nephelinite belong to Igneous Rocks.Texture of Andesite is Aphanitic to Porphyritic whereas that of Nephelinite is Aphanitic. Andesite appears Dull and Soft and Nephelinite appears Skeletal. The luster of Andesite is vitreous while that of Nephelinite is vitreous to metallic. Andesite is available in bluish - grey, grey, pink, yellow colors whereas Nephelinite is available in black, brown, green, grey, white colors. The commercial uses of Andesite are commemorative tablets, creating artwork and that of Nephelinite are creating artwork, soil conditioner, source of magnesia (mgo).